Simulation experiments on radiation resistance of a promising material for fusion reactor, the W–10Cr–0.5Y alloy, were carried out in the work. The alloy samples were irradiated with Fe²⁺ ions with energy of 5.6 MeV at 500°C to damage doses of 1 and 10 dpa. Transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography have shown that as a result of irradiation, a solid solution decomposition with the formation of nanoscale clusters enriched in chromium. The concentration of Cr in clusters is 52 ± 2 and 77 ± 3 at % for radiation doses of 1 and 10 dpa, respectively. The size of the formed clusters is less than 2 nm, and the number density is ~5 ⋅ 10²⁴ m^–3.

A comparative study of the structure of PM HIP compacts made using spherical particles (granules) of rapidly quenched PREP powder of a heat-resistant α + β Ti based alloy and a similar product manufactured using traditional technology has been carried out. Multi-scale study of the microstructure of PM HIP compacts and analogous product manufactured using traditional technologies has been performed by metallography, SEM, TEM, EDX and OIM. The influence of vacuum heat treatment and temperature consolidation of HIP in the regions of (α + β) and β phases on the regularities of the structure formation of PM HIP compacts of the heat-resistant titanium-based alloy has been revealed. Features of microstructures such as lamellar, bimodal microstructure, and grains have been detected and studied in detail in PM HIP compacts and in product obtained by traditional technology. The extreme behavior of the distribution coefficient k_d of alloying elements between the α and β phases in the product obtained using traditional technology, in comparison with PM HIP compacts, has been discovered and studied in detail. Analysis of the obtained result, in comparison with the results of a comparative study of the structure and properties of PM HIP compacts obtained using rapidly quenched PREP powders, and products obtained using traditional technology from corrosion-resistant steels and nickel superalloys, has allowed the following important conclusion. The cooling rate during solidification is the dominant factor in the formation of the final structural-phase state (composition of α and β phases in the Ti alloy) and, therefore, is a key hereditary technological parameter that determines the structural-phase state and the increased level of mechanical properties of PM HIP compacts compared to the product obtained using traditional technology.

A condition for the most optimal characteristics of the accumulator is obtained within a quasi-stationary one-dimensional model of heat transfer in flow heat accumulators. The concept of the efficiency coefficient of recuperative heat exchangers for estimating the phase transition accumulator is substantiated. Approaches of physical and mathematical modeling to obtain analytical relations used to calculate heat transfer processes in flow accumulators with phase transitions, characterized by the uneven temperature field in the direction of the coolant flow, are analyzed. The obtained dependences are applicable in the initial and final stages of the phase transition process. The application of the obtained dependences for more accurate calculations is justified.

In Large Hadron Collider experiments, in addition to obtaining data on physical quantities, it is extremely important to obtain comprehensive information about the technical condition of detectors and systems for starting, shutting down and monitoring all collider experiments. These tasks are performed by detector control systems. This article describes the ATLAS detector control system, its general structure and the interconnection of elements. The direction of modernization of the system software is presented. The modernization of one of the main nodes for transferring information between databases is described.

Ускоряющая структура SDTL (Separated Drift Tube Linac), работающая на колебании ТМ010, не содержит фокусирующих элементов в трубках дрейфа. Применение SDTL на частотах порядка 300 МГц для ускорения ионов водорода на низких, порядка единиц МэВ, энергиях затруднено существенным расплыванием сгустков в меж резонаторных промежутках. Предложена методика формирования геометрии резонаторов SDTL, в которых частицы проходят один или два периода в фазе – 90°. Определены границы регулировки величины поля в группирующих периодах. Приводятся примеры резонаторов.

Simulation technique of the RF signal propagation in a traveling wave accelerating structure by the method of equivalent circuits is described. Calculations were made for the propagation of a signal with the frequency of 2856 MHz in an accelerating structure with the constant gradient, consisting of 102 cells. The possibility of changing the energy of the accelerated beam due to the rotation of the phase of the signal within a long pulse is shown.

In short SDTL cavities, operating in TM010 mode, there are no elements for accelerating field distribution stabilization and parasitic modes removal. Dispersion properties of cavities, optimized for maximal shunt impedance, are considered. An additional limitation in cavities development is undesirable proximity of TM011 and TE111 modes to the operating one.

Spin-orbital dynamics was investigated at COSY accelerator. The key mechanisms of spin-decoherence in the vicinity of the RF spin resonance are covered. The analytical model of spin-decoherence depending on the harmonic number of the RF spin-rotator and the RMS momentum spread was verified. Also the efficiency of spin manipulation with an RF spin-rotator depending on the influence of intrinsic spin resonances and frequency detuning is investigated.

The heavy ion facility for technological applications is developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. The booster synchrotron with electron cooling is one of the main parts of the facility. This work presents the beam dynamics simulation with betatron coupling and nonlinearities of the guided magnetic field. The transverse betatron coupling excited by electron cooling solenoid was compensated by the pair of skew quadrupole triplets with antisymmetric supply and located symmetrically relative to the solenoid center. The calculation of the vertical dispersion excited by the magnetic field of toroidal sections of the electron cooler was performed. The accelerator lattice was optimized for minimization of vertical dispersion. Another important factor of the beam dynamics is the tune dependence versus momentum deviation called chromaticity. To correct chromaticity, sextupole magnets are applied. On the other hand, sextupoles excite nonlinear resonances that can lead to significant limitation of the dynamic aperture. The dynamic aperture of the synchrotron was simulated by scanning of horizontal and vertical tunes in conditions of chromaticity and betatron coupling suppression. This method makes it possible to identify dangerous resonances. According to the calculations presented, a scheme with application of six sextupole families are developed. This scheme makes it possible to significantly reduce the influence of most dangerous resonances. The wide area of tunes with a fairly large dynamic aperture for particles with required momentum spread was found in simulations. Selection of the operating point in this particular area makes it possible to reduce the space charge effect on the dynamic aperture. At the chosen operating point, the influence of eddy currents and magnetic fields nonlinearities on the dynamic aperture was investigated.

A block diagram of a power source of a magnetron has been presented. The circuit schematic of the energy unit of the power source has been developed. The power and high-voltage parts have been calculated. A power source prototype for the magnetron has been assembled and tested.

In this work, nanoparticles of aluminum, copper and titanium oxides have been obtained in a plasma discharge in the liquid phase (ethylene glycol, water) under the influence of intense ultrasound. Particular procedures have been developed for creating sedimentation-stable aqueous dispersed systems of nanoparticles of copper(II), aluminum, and titanium(IV) oxides. Nanoparticles are stabilized by the nonionic surfactant Tween 85 at its optimal concentration of 3 mmol/L and with a metal oxide content up to 0.2 g/L. It has been shown that stable dispersed systems of particles are obtained by adding a surfactant to the initial system, followed by diluting it with distilled water and ultrasonic dispersion. Scanning electron microscopy has shown that nanoparticles of copper, aluminum and titanium oxides have a spherical shape. Highly stable dispersed systems with a narrow particle size distribution have been obtained: 20 nm for Al₂O₃, 40 nm for CuO, and 30 nm for TiO₂ after membrane filtration of the initial dispersed systems. Electrokinetic studies have shown that the surface of nanoparticles of copper, aluminum and titanium oxides becomes negatively charged when stabilized by Tween-85. The average ξ-potential value is –(20 ± 5) mV. The study of the kinetics of growth and stability of nanoparticles has showed that titanium oxide nanoparticles have higher aggregation stability compared to copper and aluminum oxides under the same conditions. The stability time of the obtained samples is approximately 1.5 months.

In this work, the profiles of craters obtained by the irradiation of a picosecond laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm and energy density in the range of 0.4–7.0 J/cm² of tungsten films were measured using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, as well as a contact profilometry. The presence of several mechanisms of surface erosion at given irradiation parameters is shown. The influence of the craters shape on the signal of laser-assisted quadrupole mass spectrometry during irradiation of deuterium-containing tungsten films is analyzed.

The work presents an analysis of the rigidity spectrum of Forbush decreases observed over 24−25 solar cycles. The URAGAN muon hodoscope and Moscow neutron monitor data were used as information on cosmic ray variations. To determine the rigidity spectrum of Forbush decreases, the median rigidity method was utilized. The dependence of the spectrum index on the phase of solar activity and the polarity of the general magnetic field of the Sun is discussed.

Today, most scientific equipment designed to measure cosmic ray particle fluxes is located on the Earth’s surface. Those instruments record the intensities of secondary cosmic rays, which are created after the interaction of cosmic rays with the Earth’s atmosphere. With the advent of spectrometric equipment installed on space satellites, direct measurements of cosmic ray fluxes in a wide energy range have become possible. However, precise information on such measurements is not always available. Scientific equipment in outer space is subject to radiation wear, which manifests in a significant deterioration in the efficiency of particle registration. Neutron monitors have been stably measuring cosmic ray intensities for several decades. They are located on the Earth’s surface therefore they are not subject to radiation wear and. The paper discusses an algorithm for calibrating neutron monitors using satellite experiment data and the prospects for its application in analyzing cosmic ray particle fluxes during periods of minimum and maximum solar activity cycles, as well as during forbush decreases.

In this work we present results of studies of radiation effects in model object – barley of three varieties. The effects of low level ionizing radiation are of interest to research proposes how stimulating effects occurs in plants. Previous studies connect radiation hormesis with increased mitotic index, while later studies contradict this. In our work, we calculated mitotic index in barley roots and Frequency of chromosomal aberrations

The paper presents the results of a study of the possibility of using textural statistical features to classify images of ultrasound diagnostics of thyroid nodules. Ultrasound diagnostics has a significant potential for quantitative diagnostics. New information technologies allow us to identify characteristics that complement the classical methods of image analysis in medicine.

Laser technology has become a valuable tool for solving various medical problems. Recently, ceramic lasers have become a rapidly growing area of research and development for solid-state lasers. Polycrystalline ceramics consists of numerous single-crystal grains ranging in size from 10 to 100 µm, separated by thin boundaries. Based on ceramics, solid-state lasers with an output power of more than 100 kW in a quasi-cw regime with semiconductor diode pumping have been created. At present, there is considerable interest in the creation of highly transparent ceramics from yttrium oxide and yttrium aluminum garnet doped with Nd³⁺ or Yb³⁺ ions. The wavelength of laser radiation used for medical purposes is determined by the mechanism of its action on biological organisms. This article presents a review of the literature on modern applications of Nd:YAG lasers in various fields of medicine.

Targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs is an urgent problem in pharmaceuticals. These drugs are poorly soluble in water, which makes it difficult to transport them in the body and requires an increase in dosage, which can lead to side effects. Cyclodextrins can help solve this problem due to their unique hydrophobic cavity, into which the drug can be embedded, and the hydrophilic outer surface, which ensures the solubility of such a complex in water. Lipid derivatives of cyclodextrins in an aqueous medium, due to the hydrophobic interactions of lipid fragments, form micelle-like nanoparticles that are also soluble in water and capable of embedding hydrophobic molecules. Thus, the use of lipid derivatives of cyclodextrins in the creation of nanoparticles can improve the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. This article simulates the self-assembly of phospholipid conjugates with α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins into nanoparticles using the method of molecular dynamics produced using the GROMACS package. As a result of calculations, models of micelles-nanoparticles in coarse-grained representation were obtained, the conformation of molecules in their composition was established and the size of micelles was determined.

The paper discusses the formation of non-stationary, nonlinear states in an extended ER model of epidemic spread for a population of constant numbers under the assumption of equality of the rate of recovery and disease. The probabilities of transmission of infection, the characteristic times of disease development and recovery are also considered constant. The obtained analytical ratios are used to establish an acceptable range of control parameters that ensure the formation and existence of nonequilibrium distributions, which can be interpreted as a latent epidemiological phase.

The paper presents the results of a study of a new folic acid functionalized nanocomposite cerium oxide based gadolinium-doped material as a promising material as a new MRI contrast agent. As part of this work, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of their characteristics, colloidal stability, and MRI response, as well as a comprehensive analysis of its cytotoxicity on a U251 human glioblastoma cell culture in vitro. It has been shown that the synthesized nanocomposite causes a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on human glioblastoma cells, causing the development of intracellular oxidative stress and subsequent initiation of the apoptosis process. Such a nanocomposite is promising for the development of a new theranostic agent based on it, which has not only MRI-contrasting properties, but also a pronounced redox activity, which ensures its cytotoxic effect and therapeutic activity in the cell.