The possibility of using the atmospheric optical communication line at nuclear power facilities of the Russian Federation as a backup communication channel and for regular use has been analyzed. Using the existing methodology for assessing the feasibility of this type of communication and long-term meteorological observations in all areas of location of nuclear power facilities on the territory of the Russian Federation, it has been shown that the use of existing modern Russian atmospheric communication terminals will allow high-speed data exchange within each perimeter of these facilities and will ensure high year-round availability of such a communication channel. The applicability map of the atmospheric optical line has been developed, emphasizing the high efficiency of application of various communication terminals at nuclear power facilities in the territory of Russia.

The high-temperature interaction of triuranium disilicide U₃Si₂ with BeO, Y₂O₃, Al₂O₃, ZrO₂, Mo, and Ta has been considered. The formation of eutectics in these systems has been analyzed theoretically and experiments on heating samples of triuranium disilicide located on substrates of appropriate materials in vacuum to a temperature of 1500°C have been carried out. The result shows the absence of interaction between U₃Si₂ with BeO, Y₂O₃, ZrO₂, and Mo. The formation of eutectic in the U₃Si₂−Al₂O₃ system has been experimentally confirmed. In addition, the strong interaction of U₃Si₂ with Ta with the formation of diffusion layers has been revealed. The possibility of using the materials under study in contact with triuranium disilicide at high temperatures is concluded.

The effect of high-fluence 30 keV helium ion irradiation with the fluence from 10¹⁸ to 3 × 10¹⁸ cm^–2 in the temperature range from room temperature to 600°C on the morphology and surface structure of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite UPV-1T and fine-grained polycrystalline graphite MPG-8 has been studied experimentally. Ion-induced morphological elements complementing those previously established at low irradiation fluences (~10¹⁷ cm^–2) have been identified. Irradiation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite at high fluences results in delaminations, which manifest themselves as graphite flakes that are bent, twisted, and have whisker-like structures. Irradiation of fine-grained graphite does not significantly change its microstructure compared to highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.

Samples of tin oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized in a plasma discharge under the effect of ultrasonic cavitation. Using solution technology and then melt compounding technology, samples of polymer composite materials with a homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles have been obtained. A copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate has been used as a polymer matrix. Tin oxide nanoparticles in the form of an aqueous suspension synthesized in the plasma discharge under the effect of ultrasound have been studied by dynamic light scattering. It has been shown that the synthesized particles have a distribution peak in the size range of 50–60 nm; ultrasonic treatment shifts the distribution peak to the region of 30–40 nm. The measurement of the electrokinetic potential of the surface of the initial nanoparticles in an aqueous dispersion medium has allowed us to establish that under the effect of ultrasound, tin oxide particles acquire additional active adsorption sites capable of interacting with the functional groups of the polymer matrix. nanoparticles and agglomerates of tin oxide nanoparticles are visible in the scanning electron microscopy images of composite material films. The X-ray phase and X-ray fluorescence analysis has qualitatively confirmed the presence of tin inside the polymer film: peaks related to tin oxide nanoparticles are visible in the spectra.

The technology of lanthanum doping of oxidation-resistant Mo–Zr–Si–B coatings has been developed by using a 95%(90%MoSi₂ + 10%MoB) + 5%ZrB₂ target with LaB₆ segments for magnetron sputtering. A change in the current–voltage characteristic has been determined when using additional segments. It has been found that the use of LaB₆ leads to a decrease in the breakdown voltage of the glow discharge. Mo–Zr–Si–B and Mo–La–Zr–Si–B coatings with a uniform distribution of elements through the thickness, low roughness, and a low-defect structure have been obtained by magnetron sputtering. The use of LaB6 segments during sputtering leads to amorphization of coatings and increased oxidation resistance under annealing in air at 1500°C.

This paper presents the results of studies of non-equilibrium states in ribbon high-temperature superconductors under pulse current loading. To study transient processes in a superconductor at critical current loads an experimental stand was developed, which allows to perform visualization of thermal processes in the composite at critical current loads with high temporal resolution. The dynamics of thermal processes in HTS tape under current loads was investigated, the peculiarities of thermal processes leading to the change of liquid refrigerant boiling modes were shown. The process of HTS sample fracture under supercritical current load was studied on a millisecond scale.

The prospect of creation of the energy accumulator based on the ^186mRe nuclear isomer (a half-life of 2 × 10⁵ yr) requires the choice of conditions of natural rhenium irradiation by reactor neutrons for production of a large amount of the isomer. The known calculations of dependence of the isomeric ratio at formation of ¹⁸⁶Re nuclei in ground and isomeric states show insignificant difference between isomer production efficiencies by thermal neutrons and in the core of a reactor. This conclusion has been earlier confirmed experimentally with an accuracy up to 20%. A method for a more accurate experimental test of results of the isomeric ratio calculation has been proposed in this work.

Method of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has attracted increasing attention as a promising approach for optimizing catalysts to enhance their efficiency in various applications. One of the current challenges is the simple and controllable synthesis of materials based on transition metal chalcogenides (in particular, MoS_x), which can exhibit an increased electrocatalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction. Changes in the chemical states of sulfur and molybdenum as a result of photo-electrochemical tests are studied in this work. By varying the laser fluence and buffer gas pressure, deposition regimes have been determined, resulting in catalytic layers with minimal sub-stoichiometric states, which are responsible for shifting the Fermi level to the conduction band edge. Combining experimental results and DFT calculations, catalytically active sites on the film surfaces have been identified.

A mathematical model of a technical RF inductively coupled plasma is presented. Results of a numerical experiment are reported in which key parameters for a system with five coils and a coupled power of 60 kW at the generator frequency 1.76 MHz were assessed. The distributions of temperature, pressure, flow rate, and current and magnetic flux density are displayed. The numerical experiment presented was carried out using the Magnetic Fields, Laminar Flow, and Heat Transfer modules of COMSOL Multiphysics (R).

To study cosmic ray muons, the world’s largest coordinate detector TREK based on multiwire drift chambers, which were previously used in the neutrino detector at the U-70 accelerator (IHEP, Protvino) is under development at National Research Nuclear University MEPhI. To study the characteristics of drift chambers before installation in the TREK detector and in the designed MDM detector, a bench has been fabricated to determine their efficiency, coordinate and angular accuracy, and zone characteristics. The design of the bench and the results of testing 394 drift chambers for the TREK and MDM detectors have been reported.

The results on the extraction of a proton beam of a varying intensity from the U-70 accelerator using bent silicon single crystals are presented. Stable beam extraction using crystals has been demonstrated for two experiments where smooth adjustment of the beam intensity over a large dynamic range has been required.

The dependence of the focal length of the thallium (Tl⁺) ion beam on the parameters of the ion-optical system of the injector for heavy ion beam probe plasma diagnostics has been studied. The possibility of obtaining quasi-parallel beams and converging beams with a focal length of more than 4 m has been shown. Experimental results are compared with the results of computer modeling of the beam trajectory in the injector.

A method for calculating the absorption and emission characteristics of CO₂ in the range from 3200 to 5400 cm^–1 taking into account the influence of thermal disequilibrium is presented. A series of calculations using line-by-line (LBL) and statistical narrow-band (SNB) models have been performed at various pressures, spectral regions, layer thicknesses, temperatures, and molar fractions of CO₂. The obtained technique shows good agreement between the LBL and SNB models and satisfactorily agrees with experimental data when calculating the transmission capacity. In the considered range, the nonequilibrium in rotational temperature hardly affects the radiative characteristics, unlike translational and vibrational temperatures, which significantly affect the nonequilibrium Planck function. The resulting technique can be used for calculations concerning the problem of global warming.

Heavy ion beam probe is a unique diagnostic technique that allows the independent and simultaneous measurement of the plasma electric potential φ, its fluctuations φ˜, as well as fluctuations of the electron density n˜e and the poloidal magnetic field B˜pol, in the hot plasma region. A method for the calculation of the spatial resolution of the heavy ion beam probe diagnostic for the T-15MD tokamak has been presented. The dependence of the size of the measurement region on the width of the input slits in the energy analyzer has been studied.

The design and characteristics of the detection unit of a gaseous medium spectrometer for measuring gamma rays from inert radioactive gases, which are formed in nuclear power plant reactors and enter the environment as a part of gas-aerosol emissions, are described. Gamma rays from inert radioactive gases are detected by one scintillation detector based on a ∅51 × 51-mm CeBr₃ crystal in two 10⁴- and 2-cm³ chambers. The energy range of the spectrometer is 0.05–3.0 MeV. Switching of gas inputs and outputs allows both simultaneous and alternate measurements in both chambers, which ensures the calculated dynamic range of measured inert radioactive gas activities from 10³ to 10¹³ Bq/m³ with a relative measurement error of 50% in the nuclide emission lines for time intervals from 1 to 500 s, depending on the activity.

The paper examines experimentally the dependence of gas temperature in a glow discharge on gasdynamic flow parameters and discharge energy parameters. The gas pressure P and its flow rate G in the discharge chamber varied from 2.5 to 5.5 kPa and from 0 to 0.035 g/s, respectively. The discharge current strength I and the power input N to the discharge also ranged from 30 to 80 mA and from 30 to 80 W. The gas temperature was measured by the thermocouple method at six points of the discharge gap, which also made it possible to estimate the change in gas temperature along the axis of the cylindrical channel and along its radius. At low gas consumption, the discharge was found to be axisymmetric and fill the entire volume of the discharge gap. As the current and discharge power increased, the gas temperature increased approximately linearly with an average rate of 5 K/W. With increasing air flow rate G from 0.017 to 0.035 g/s, the discharge rearranged from a bulk shape to a cord shape, and the temperature field of the discharge changed significantly: in the center of the discharge, the temperature decreased sharply and practically did not change with increasing discharge power, while near the discharge localization, the gas temperature increased linearly with increasing power at an average rate of 3 K/W.

Plasma cleaning with simultaneous polishing by a jet electric discharge is more efficient than electrochemical polishing. The paper discusses the processes arising during the interaction of an electric discharge with solutions of inorganic substances, and studies the propagation of an inorganic discharge in a liquid on the surface of various materials (NaCl, NH₄NO₃, and discharge in glycerol). A NH₄NO₃ solution is shown to be the most effective electrolyte. We report on current‒voltage characteristics obtained for an electric discharge between a jet electrolytic cathode and a solid anode, as well as for a multichannel discharge in a jet electrolytic cathode at different jet lengths and diameters.