We considered the main passive and active neutron methods for detecting fissile material in a sample which are used for example, in inspection installations and in the control of waste from the nuclear fuel cycle. Calculations are presented to assess the possibilities of using these methods to detect enriched uranium. The Differential die away analysis is considered in detail. A model has been developed for detecting the presence of U²³⁵ in a sample by using DDAA with Geant4 [1] software package. In the developed model, a criterion for determining the mass of U²³⁵ is proposed and verified. The proposed model and criterion can significantly simplify the process of developing and optimizing the parameters of expensive devices for detecting fissile substances by creating a digital model.

A comparative study of the deuterium content in tungsten-deuterium layers 50, 250, and 750 nm thick co-deposited from a magnetron discharge plasma on molybdenum substrates has been carried out. The measurements were carried out by in vacuo thermal desorption spectroscopy without contact with the atmosphere. Simulation of experimental data in the TMAP7 code has been carried out; concentrations and energies of traps have been obtained at which the best agreement with experiment is achieved. The content of deuterium in the films deposited at a temperature of ~100°C was 3–5 at %. It has been shown that the film thickness does not significantly affect the characteristics of deuterium retention trapping centers, although the shape of the spectra for the thickest films is slightly different.

The effect of high-dose, with a fluence >10¹⁸ cm^–2, irradiation by hydrogen, helium and neon ions with energies from several hundred eV to 30 keV on the surface morphology of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fibers has been experimentally studied. Magnetron sputtering with ions of low, less than 1 keV, energies of carbon fibers leads to the formation of a whisker-like relief on the surface. Such relief at irradiation with 30 keV ions is formed at the initial stage of high dose irradiation at fluences ~10¹⁶ cm^–2. At higher fluences >10¹⁸ cm^–2 depending on the sort of ions submicron longitudinal or transverse corrugations are formed. The obtained results are discussed within the framework of existing models of formation of ion-induced morphological elements on the surface of graphite-like materials.

The results of the study of the effect of deformation nanostructuring on the formation of a cone-shaped relief on the surface of ultrafine-grained tungsten with an average grain size of 300 nm under high-fluence irradiation with argon ions with an energy of 30 keV are presented. The thermal stability of the resulting cone-shaped relief on the surface and the ultrafine-grained structure in the volume of tungsten under heating up to 1400°C has been studied. Changes of microhardness were measured.

Calculated rocking curves are presented for the spectrometric scheme of a double-crystal diffractometer made of InSb crystals in the Laue–Laue geometry for neutron wavelength ranges corresponding to the weak potential and strong resonant absorptions. The appearance and shape of the curves calculated using the extended expression with allowance for the absorption cross section and the curves obtained using the Compton–Alisson expression are compared.

This article is in response to a reference to my work as a work in which the expression for the density of the charge induced by the point charge between two infinite plane-parallel plates is in the form of an infinite series. Indeed, in my article there were formulas that I obtained for the Green’s function, the surface density of the induced charge on plane-parallel plates written as infinite series. However, the article was devoted to the method of conformal transformation of the initial problem to a simpler one, which makes it possible to obtain analytical expressions for the mentioned quantities. In the present article, I would like to clarify the situation and outline the advantage of the conformal transformation method taking into account the axial symmetry of the problem as compared to solving the problem in the form of infinite series.

Grid electrostatic lenses are often used in low-energy beam-transport systems to match accelerators. Modern computer technology and software allow us to consider a grid as a set of wires with a given diameter and cell size. The work presents the results of numerical simulation of a beam-extraction system of a laser plasma ion source and an electrostatic lens: matching systems with the I-4 linear accelerator and their comparison with experimental data.

The structure of a compact X-ray source based on inverse Compton scattering and the beam dynamics in the linac and the storage ring is considered. The features of collective effects in the storage rings of such installations are studied in compaаison with fourth-generation SR sources. The thresholds of longitudinal microwave instability and transverse instability of coupled modes are calculated.

This article considers the possibility of using a hybrid permanent magnet quadrupole lens with correcting coil for a linear accelerator. The design of the lens was developed and its optimization was carried out to obtain a magnetic field gradient of sufficient magnitude in the aperture. Calculations were carried out in a specialized software package to determine whether the characteristics of the lens meet the requirements. The influence of variation of permanent magnet magnetization on the field quality was investigated.

The possibilities of using ordered three-dimensional matrices of photonic crystals for generating gigahertz, optical and neutron radiation when a beam of high-energy electrons interacts with them are considered. The optical spectra of the emission of photonic crystals when a beam of relativistic electrons interacts with them are shown. Experiments were carried out to obtain two-dimensional images of objects in gamma and neutron fluxes during the interaction of an electron beam with a photonic crystal material. The work examines various neutron-generating targets, for which the corresponding neutron yields were calculated. The characteristics of electromagnetic and neutron fields obtained as a result of the experiment are also presented in the article.

Hydrogen trapping under the irradiation of E110 and E635 alloys by electron flux (400 eV, 0.8 mA/cm²) in various oxygen- and hydrogen-containing gaseous ambient (Ar + O₂ + H₂; Ar + H₂O) is studied in this work. The effect of surface temperature on hydrogenation of zirconium alloys under electron irradiation is discussed. It is shown that neither exposure nor electron irradiation in a gaseous ambient containing a mixture of H₂ and O₂ at T = 700 K for 20 h does not alternate the hydrogen level in the E110 alloy, whereas hydrogen partially escapes from the E635 alloy during the experiment. The amount of hydrogen in zirconium alloys after exposure to a H₂O-containing gaseous ambient at the same temperature-time regime also changes insignificantly, however, if the alloys are irradiated with electrons under these conditions, the hydrogen content in them increases by 1.5–2 times. When the temperature of the samples is raised to 900 K, electron irradiation in the presence of water vapor, on the contrary, reduces hydrogen trapping in alloys E110 and E635, compared with a similar experiment without irradiation. It is concluded that electron irradiation affects the balance of surface reactions of formation of hydroxyls from adsorbed water molecules and inverse reactions of formation of water molecules from surface hydroxyls. The direction of the shift in the balance of these reactions depends on the surface temperature.

This work is devoted to the methodology for conducting experiments to study the process of cooling by a low-pressure gas–droplet flow under conditions of high energy loads on the receiving surface of a lithium divertor module (LDM) layout. The paper describes in detail the design of the LDM model, all the main systems, parameters, and layout of the test bench. The operating modes of water and gas cooling systems have been calculated under thermal action on the LDM layout with a power equal to 5 MW/m2. A description of the experiment on the development of a technique for cooling an LDM layout with a low-pressure gas–droplet flow has been given.

The paper presents the results of the study of the application of plasma technologies for creating materials with antimicrobial properties, namely, the application of radio-frequency (RF) plasma treatment to modify polypropylene (PP) nonwoven materials with antibacterial agents based on silver nanoparticles, modification of leather materials by cathode-ion bombardment with the formation of nitride nanostructures, the antibacterial properties of the obtained materials were studied. It has been shown that the use of RF plasma modification makes possible to obtain disposable medical materials characterized by pronounced antibacterial activity across their surface area, and leather material with condensed nitride layers has a barrier effect on ion migration and antimicrobial activity in the absence of cytotoxicity, which makes this material promising for making prosthetic elements.

The paper presents characteristics of the condensation process of nitride coatings from the plasma phase with ion bombardment (Arc-PVD) using three electrode arc evaporators of titanium and hafnium onto metallic and collagen substrates. The calculated linear deposition rate of titanium nitride coating ranged from 4.44 to 4.95 μm/h at an arc evaporator current of 65 A. The growth rate of hafnium nitride coating at an arc evaporator current of 75 A ranged from 0.72 to 0.82 μm/h with a confidence probability of 0.9. When condensing nitrides from two hafnium evaporators, the coating growth rate was 1.65 nm/s. The strength of the natural protein fibrous material with hafnium nitride coating remained unchanged at 10–2 MPa, and there was no alteration in pore size and vapor permeability. Based on a welding temperature of 100°C, the nanostructure of collagen remained stable. The nanostructure of the condensates represents a multi-layer composition with layer thicknesses of 5–2 nm. Nitride condensates on collagen form as scale-like structures, as well as threads with a diameter of 30 nm and lengths up to 5 μm. High corrosion resistance and hardness have been established, recommending the produced material for reducing the aseptic instability of metallic medical implants in endoprosthetics.