This work is devoted to the production of a ceramic target (ZrSi₂–ZrB₂–MoSi₂)/Cr by hot pressing of products of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and deposition of coatings in the Zr–Si–Mo–B system by DC magnetron sputtering and high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering. The composition and structure of the initial powder mixtures, SHS products, a two-layer functionally graded target, and coatings deposited during its sputtering have been studied. It is shown that the developed target (ZrSi₂–ZrB₂–Mo–
Si₂)/Cr can be successfully used to obtain coatings with a dense homogeneous defect-free structure, including at high-energy sputtering regimes, peak current of 50 A, and peak power of 50 kW.

Rapidly quenched REP-powders produced by melt atomization, evidently, can be characterized by the effect of quenching rate on structure features as in traditional solid state quenching. However, the critical cooling rate, determined in the TTT diagram for melt phase transformation: crystallization is much higher than its value for suppressing austenite transformation in carbon steels. Important features of rapidly quenched powders – high dispersity of dendrites and formation of fine subgrain structure – determine the precipitation of carbides and borides. Direct nuclear methods of activation autoradiography on carbon, track autoradiography on boron, metallography, SEM, EDX, etc were used for investigation. The structure features including the lattice parameter of a solid solution of rapidly quenched REP powders, HIP PM compacts, products of austenitic stainless steels and their traditional counterparts were revealed and analyzed taking into account the role of carbon and boron, precipitation of carbides, borides and effect of non-equilibrium states.

The Picle presents the results of modernization of the high-tech automated measuring complex PAVIKOM, which allows processing experimental data obtained using a photographic nuclear emulsion in accordance with modern international standards. The sequential integration of the latest equipment combined with advanced mechanics will allow simultaneous continuous scanning of up to eight nuclear emulsion films of the neutrino detector of the SND@LHC experiment.

The effect of columnar pinning centers on the current-voltage characteristic, the critical current, and the shape of the magnetization curve has been studied by the Monte Carlo method in the framework of a three-dimensional model of a layered HTS. It has been shown that the presence of a weak intrinsic pinning does not qualitatively change the calculation results. It has been shown that the presence of a periodic lattice of pinning centers leads to an avalanche-like penetration of vortices at a certain threshold field and the existence of vortex-free regions at a lower field. This difference has been demonstrated on the magnetization curves. These effects have not been observed for a quasi-periodic lattice of pinning centers.

A detailed analysis of regimes of operation of Johann spectrometers is presented for the point-like and extended sources. It is recommended for the experiments on determination of plasma parameters to be carried out from relative intensities of X-ray lines. The analysis is aimed at improving X-ray spectroscopy methods.

To design the complex of diagnostics and technical systems of the T-15MD tokamak, a three-dimensional CAD-model is used, which includes all structural elements of the tokamak and surrounding heating and diagnostic systems, technical systems such as vacuum pumping and data acquisition systems, etc. Using of the CAD-model allows to take into account relative location of adjacent systems and the tokamak geometry and integrate newly designed systems. This approach is applied to the design of ITER and used for the first time for Russian tokamaks. In order to provide the most comprehensive matching of the CAD-model to the real T-15MD it is necessary to perform verification of the CAD model. This paper presents a method of the verification of the CAD-model of T-15MD tokamak complex based on the data of the laser geodesic scanning and the results of assessing the accuracy of the performed work.

The ALICE experiment is optimized to study the properties of hot quark-gluon plasma produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. One of the ALICE electromagnetic calorimeters, the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), is designed to measure direct photons and neutral mesons spectra. At the present time the possibility of increasing acceptance of the PHOS detector by using PbWO₄ crystals of the CMS experiment is being considered. It is possible to change the kinematic range by varying pseudorapidity, with a constant azimuthal angle, or azimuthal angle, with the same pseudorapidity. It is also possible to move apart the detector modules without adding extra crystals. The simulation of proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV was carried out using the PYTHIA package. It can be argued from the obtained simulation results that for measurements in the low p_T region, the most optimal option is to increase the azimuthal angle, since it becomes possible to study the p_T region down to 25 MeV/c for π⁰. This makes it possible to measure direct photons at very low energies (tens of megaelectronvolts) and possibly to verify the Low theorem for soft photons. The available range for measuring η-meson significantly increases as well (down to 50 MeV/c).

The аrticle is devoted to the study of the possibility of creating an environmentally friendly source of radiation in the mid-infrared range of the spectrum. Theoretically analyzed are chemical elements suitable for replacing mercury in the pulsed gas-discharge lamps plasma channel. Based on a mathematical model, the effect of an additionally introduced component on the cesium vapor pressure and the plasma-forming medium thermal conductivity was revealed. In the paper, experimental studies were carried out, which confirmed the technical solution validity for replacing mercury with rubidium, and practical recommendations were given on the weight ratios of the components introduced into the discharge

The paper discusses the effect of destabilization of dark states in ⁸⁸Sr¹⁺ ions in an external magnetic field, provides theoretical calculations to describe the effect, describes the systems of magnetic field generation and changes in the polarization of laser radiation, and analyzes the experiment and the obtained dependencies.

The article deals with the problem of formation of undesirable β-emitting radionuclides (RNs) in the production of radiopharmaceuticals for PET diagnostics. It is found that tritium is the main trace RN formed by the reaction ¹⁸O(p,t)¹⁶O during irradiation of water [¹⁸O]H₂O with protons. Other trace β emitters in water accumulate mainly as a result of leaching of activated target wall materials. The possibility of using the activity of tritium in water [¹⁸O]H₂O as an indicator of its re-enrichment is shown. The necessity of controlling the content of trace β-emitting RNs in intermediate products, production waste, and final radiopharmaceuticals is demonstrated.

The paper considers structure and composition of the measurement tasks of radiation monitoring by the example of power units of nuclear power plants as objects on which the entire complex of radiation measurements in ensuring nuclear and radiation safety has been most systematically and fully implemented. The achieved level of the state of products of nuclear instrumentation (NI) has been shown. The main directions and problematic issues of the development of nuclear instrumentation, including improvement of measurement methods and metrological support for measurements of ionizing radiation, are presented. The key directions of mathematical modeling in the development of equipment are presented.

The results of the formation, certification of the surface morphology and chemical composition, as well as the results of the study of radiation upon heating to high temperatures (600–800°C) of Ta₂O₅ nanocluster films obtained by sputtering a Ta target in an atmosphere of Ar and O2 gases with subsequent filtering of the formed clusters according to the selected sizes and their deposition on a metal substrate (Ta). Surface images were obtained by atomic force microscopy (in situ) and it was shown that Ta films have a loose structure consisting of close-packed spherical nanopPicles. XPS analysis of the chemical composition showed that the resulting films are of high purity and are close to the Ta₂O₅ compound. Using a spectrometer with a working range of 600–1700 nm, the emission spectra of films and substrates with natural tantalum oxide were obtained when heated to various temperatures. It is shown that films with small cluster sizes (2–3 nm) have a more stable emissivity at varying temperatures than films with large clusters (4–5 nm). In addition, when heated to the same temperature, small tantalum oxide clusters radiate more efficiently than a substrate with natural tantalum oxide film. The question is raised about the prospects of using the obtained structures as part of selective emitters to improve the efficiency of thermophotovoltaic systems.

In this work, titanium nanoclusters with sizes of 2 and 4 nm are studied by semi-empirical calculation methods. For the detached and contacting nanoclusters the optimal geometry, energy and orbitals are obtained, structural, electronic, and charge properties are studied. It is shown that the highest electron density for both all valence and d-valence states is localized near the surface of nanoclusters with the highest curvature. The minimal local density of those states is localized on atoms near the surfaces of nanoclusters with the highest curvature. With an increase in the size of the cluster, the binding energy per atom increases. For detached cluster it is slightly higher than for a system of contacting ones. The density of electronic states of the system of 2 nm nanoclusters in contact does not depend on the type of their contact, and there are more regular zones in the 4 eV-surrounding of Fermi energy, then in the detached 2 nm nanoclusters.