The inertial confinement fusion has not been achieved yet. The reasons for this phenomenon are not fully understood. In our opinion, the main factor influencing the decrease in the yield is the evolution of hydrodynamic instabilities due to geometric inhomogeneities (surface roughness, the presence of asymmetric elements etc.). The perturbed density field can result from these inhomogeneities. The results of a theoretical study of the influence of density perturbations on the stability of the boundary under accelerated motion are presented in this paper. The performed numerical simulations are compared with theoretical results.

In the early 1990th the research program to investigate experimental fuel rods with different fuel compositions and claddings in the research reactor MIR was carried out by JSC “SSC Research Institute of Atomic Reactors” and JSC “VNIINM”. Reexamination of the program reports containing results of postirradiation tests allows ascertaining that some rods with the zirconium alloy E110 cladding tubes were subjected to the power ramp conditions. As a result some rods failed, but one of them demonstrated axial cracking from one end to the other. Unpublished results of the damaged fuel rods inspection are presented here. Different mechanisms of the cladding tubes axial cracking have been analyzed. It is shown that the key factors for axial cracking of claddings after power ramps are hydrogen embrittlement and radiation hardening of a material. However, to the moment it is not enough information to exactly select which mechanism of cladding failure was realized.

A fundamentally new approach for the deactivation of irradiated reactor graphite and metal structures of nuclear power plants is proposed, that is “dry” ion-plasma deactivation technology based on the interdisciplinary approach. The technology includes sputtering of a surface radioactive layer by fast ions of micro-plasma discharge in an inert gas under atmospheric pressure with mass transfer in the diffusion mode and condensation of the sputtered material into the replaceable collector anode. The experimental approbation of ion-plasma technology was carried out using samples of reactor graphite grade GR-280 and optimal operating parameters were obtained.

The lifetime of metastable state of different hydrogen molecular phase modifications at high pressures and low temperatures is estimated.

High-temperature superconducting magnets are a system with a complex configuration. In the process of creating such systems, HTSC tapes can be subject to mechanical damage, which leads to a deterioration in the transport characteristics of the tape. This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of mechanical stresses on the transport characteristics of the second-generation HTSC tapes. The volt-ampere characteristics of various samples of second-generation HTSC tapes were measured during their winding on cylindrical formers of various diameters. Winding was carried out at the angles of 22 and 40 degrees relative to the former axis with a force from 10 to 20 N. Different winding options were compared and the optimal set of winding configurations corresponding to the minimum degradation of the critical current of the tape was determined. Scanning Hall magnetometry is used to determine the regions of localization of defects arising at various winding options. All measurements were carried out at the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. The obtained data made it possible to calculate the area of flow of the longitudinal and transverse components of the current in each individual case.

All processes occurring in semiconductor detectors during the detection of primary monoenergetic particles lead to spectral line broadening. In this work, a general expression for the energy resolution of semiconductor detectors with several signal electrodes has been obtained using the theory of branching cascade processes. It is shown that the general formula includes all contributions to spectral line broadening described in the literature, as well as additional contributions associated with fluctuations in the lifetimes of electrons and holes due to the inhomogeneous density of traps in a semiconductor material, and fluctuations in the gain of the electronic path. In particular, an approximation for the energy resolution of a semiconductor detector when detecting low-energy X-ray radiation has been derived from the general formula.

This article describes fabrication of coatings in the MoYSiB system with various yttrium contents by magnetron sputtering of MoSiB/Y mosaic targets. The coatings have been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES), nanoindentation, and high temperature nonisothermal annealing. It has been established that addition of Y to the coating composition leads to decrease in crystallite size of the h-MoSi₂ phase, mechanical properties, and resistance of the coatings. A protective film consisting of borosilicate glass with inclusions of Y₂O₃ crystallites forms on the Y-containing coating surface after annealing at 1300°C.

The spatial distributions of the electron temperature and the emission intensity of the C₂ molecular complex in a plasma jet of a continuous optical discharge in the mode of a laser plasmatron supported by the radiation of a cw CO₂ laser and operating on a mixture of Ar with molecular additives have been measured. Diamond coatings were obtained on cutting inserts of a turning tool made of WC8 hard alloy, diagnostic of coatings was carried out.

The possibility of obtaining products from self-bonded silicon carbide using laser radiation in the absence of any additional impregnation with carbon-containing materials after siliconizing has been studied. It has been established that due to the control of thermal heating at each point of influence, it is possible to sequentially carry out all the necessary stages of the standard reaction sintering procedure in one cycle and change the traditional approach to the formation of such products using high-temperature heating furnaces. The quality of sintering was determined after etching of unreacted silicon by several laboratory methods. The main attention was paid to the study of bridges between particles from secondary SiC, both inside the layers and at their boundaries, since it is they that determine the strength characteristics of the created material and allow connecting the sintering regions to each other. After working out all the necessary stages of sintering for single-layer samples, an attempt was made to sequentially build up several layers, as well as to simulate the welding process of two pre-sintered samples.

The article studies the problem of classification of leukocytes on images of peripheral blood and bone marrow preparations with multiple contact of leukocytes with each other for automated diagnosis of diseases of the hematopoiesis system. The proposed approach is based on the definition of a class of leukocytes by a combination of the K-means method and a convolutional neural network. The application of the Kmeans method is preceded by the implementation of the watershed algorithm with distance conversion. According to the results of the experiment, the accuracy of recognition of lymphoblasts, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes was evaluated. The proposed solutions can later be applied in decision support systems for the diagnosis of acute leukemia.

The paper considers the problem of early diagnosis of one of the most dangerous malignant neoplasms of the skin – melanoma. A model of the allocation of structural elements (lines) on digital images of skin neoplasms in oncodermatology has been developed. The model is based on a combination of Otsu binarization and adaptive binarization of the original digital dermatoscopic image of skin neoplasms and subsequent skeletonization and filtration of false line fragments.

Computer vision technologies are being actively introduced into modern life, including medical practice. The development of such technologies has led to the emergence of computer systems that allow the detection and classification of skin diseases with a quality comparable and in some cases exceeding human capabilities. The article reveals the method of automatic segmentation, based on dermatoscopic images provided by doctors, obtained using a digital optical device – a dermatoscope. The main goal of the developed model is to identify the neoplasm zone and hyperpigmentation areas in the images of skin neoplasms for further integration into medical decision support systems for the diagnosis of melanoma. As a result of the work carried out, a software package was created that allows segmentation of the neoplasm. As a demonstration of the method, experimental studies of the detection of melanoma boundaries and zones of feature areas in images of skin neoplasms are presented. The developed system can be used for diagnostic research and educational purposes.

The results of formation, certification of surface morphology and investigation of optical properties in the near and middle IR range of Ta₂O₅ nanocluster films obtained by thermal oxidation in the atmosphere of monodisperse cluster films of metallic tantalum created on Si(001) silicon substrates by magnetron sputtering are presented. Surface images were obtained by atomic force microscopy (in situ) and it was shown that Ta films have a porous densely packed structure consisting of individual spherical nanoparticles. The optical properties of the obtained films were studied using a spectrometer for the near and medium IR radiation range. It is shown that thin films (with a thickness of less than 100 nm) have a sharp boundary between the radiation transmission region and the absorption and/or reflection region, whereas for thicker films this effect gradually disappears with an increase in the thickness of the cluster film and does not depend on the size of the nanoclusters. The possibility of using the obtained structures as part of thermal photoelectric generators in order to increase their efficiency is discussed.

The features of the use of carborane as a catalyst in the synthesis of particles of micro- and nano sizes in processes initiated by radiation of a gyrotron in mixtures of titanium and boron nitride powders (with hexagonal and cubic structure) are considered. The threshold conditions for the development of processes and the mass and composition of the obtained substances are determined.