The paper considers the process of laser alloying of stainless steel with iron-based powders containing Fe–Co–Cr–Mo and additives of nano-carbides of tantalum. It is shown that the friction coefficients of modified layers containing TaC are significantly lower, and the wear resistance is higher than without carbides and 2.2 times higher than the base material. It has been found that the performance of laser doping with transverse beam oscillations is 2–3 times higher than when processing with a defocused beam.

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) 2G composite tapes are promising materials for the development of sources of high magnetic fields, including for accelerators and tokamaks, where superconductors can be exposed to radiation for a long time. Such an impact leads to the appearance of defects in superconductors, the presence of which can lead both to a decrease in the current-carrying capacity of the HTS due to the degradation of the superconducting layer, and to an increase due to the formation of additional pinning centers for magnetic field vortices. In this work, we simulated the processes of defect formation during irradiation with protons with energy E = 6–20 MeV of both a single tape and a stack of 10 HTS tapes. The results obtained were verified experimentally by irradiating a stack of 10 HTS tapes with protons with an energy of E = 6 MeV and a fluence of up to 5 × 10¹⁵ cm^–2. For experimental studies, an industrial SuperOx HTS tape with a double-sided copper coating 20 μm thick was used. It is shown that for irradiation with protons with energy E = 6 MeV, the radiation practically does not pass through a single tape, which is confirmed by the fact that the critical current of the superconductor drops only in the first layer of a stack of HTS tapes, and the value of the critical temperature for this layer differs by less than by 0.5% compared to the non-irradiated tape. It is concluded that in real systems HTS tapes can be easily protected from radiation with an energy of E = 6 MeV, but as the energy increases, a more complex protection design is required.

The efficiency of photoactivated hydrogen evolution in an acidic solution on p-Si cathode with thin film of amorphous molybdenum sulfide catalyst was investigated. A significant influence of the method of forming the catalyst film on the photocathode quality was established. The greatest photocurrent value in the case of applying a catalytic film by the traditional method of pulsed laser deposition from MoS₂ target was found. Varying the conditions of the reaction pulsed laser deposition from the Mo target in hydrogen sulfide didn’t allow the high hydrogen production to be realized. Possible reasons for the difference in the functional characteristics of the created photocathodes was identified.

The intermediate results of work in shadow characterization program of hydrogen isotopes layer in indirect-drive cryogenic target are presented. The target is a spherical shell with cryogenic hydrogen isotopes layer on its inner surface and it’s necessary for laser-driven fusion researches on a megajoule energy level facility. It’s necessary to perform target characterization for correspondence to requirement parameters before laser shot.

The Monte Carlo method was used in a 2D model of the layered HTS to calculate the magnetization curves of a granulated high-temperature superconductor for various sizes of granules. In this approach magnetization of granules alone is taken into account, while the contribution of the gaps between granules is small and neglected. The irreversibility field has been found to decrease with temperature at the fixed size of granules and increase as the granule size increases at fixed temperature. The time dependence of residual magnetization has been studied at various temperatures. The relaxation rate is shown not to depend on the granule size at low temperatures but to decrease with the increasing size (provided that the granule size is less than 3 μm) at a high temperature when the magnetic flux creep becomes of importance.

The results of numerical simulation of the characteristics of a superconducting CORC cable under synchronous cyclic loading by electric current and magnetic field under liquid neon cooling are presented. Distributions of the magnetic field and currents in the system, mechanical stresses and deformations, and energy losses occurring during remagnetization by the magnetic field and electric current are calculated. The features of electrodynamic and thermophysical processes occurring in the system under synchronous current and magnetic-field loading at different winding angles of HTS tapes are shown. The simulation was performed by the finite element method in the Comsol Multiphysics software. The model is designed for calculating the magnetic system of a superconducting inductive energy storage system as part of the Nuclotron based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA), which is under construction at the Laboratory of High Energy Physics (HEPL) of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR).

The results of the application of the tagged neutron method for remote non-destructive analysis of the elemental composition of a material on a conveyor are discussed. The tagged neutron method consists in irradiation of the substance under study with fast neutrons with an energy of 14 MeV and registration of the induced characteristic gamma radiation. Neutron tagging is carried out by an alpha detector built into a neutron generator.

Nowadays, there are formulas in the literature for determining the Fano factor in a semiconductor material from experimental data. However, the existing formulas do not take into account the contribution of fluctuations of the induced charge on the detector electrodes, due to the capture of electrons and holes by traps, as well as the contribution of the induced charge fluctuations due to the distribution function of generation of the electron hole pairs in the bulk of the semiconductor detector. In this work, a formula for the energy resolution of a semiconductor detector was obtained, which allows to determine the contributions of various processes to the energy resolution and their dependence on the properties of the semiconductor material of the detector and the characteristics of the detected particle. The obtained formula for the energy resolution of a semiconductor detector allows us to formulate the conditions under which it is possible to obtain information on the Fano factor and fluctuations of the induced charge on the detector electrodes due to the capture of electrons and holes by traps, and the distribution function of generation of electron-hole pairs in its volume from the characteristics of the output signal. As an example, using experimental data, the Fano factor in CdTe semiconductor material has been determined from experimental data.

In accelerator physics, the method of absorption filters is used for measurements of the energy spectrum of electrons with energy above 100 keV. In this paper, we present a modification of the method to measure delta-like spectrum of electron beams based on fitting by statistical distributions the initial experimental data and the results of simulation of the beam transmission through the filters. The method developed is much more accurate and stable than the original one and consistent with the direct measurements by a magnetic spectrometer.

Spin-orbital dynamics at COSY accelerator has been investigated. It has been shown in the numerical experiment that spin-decoherence of the beam is determined by the nonlinear part of the solution of the equation of synchronous acceleration principle. It has been shown that the effects of spin-decoherence are defined by the three parameters of the lattice: horizontal and vertical chromaticity, as well as nonlinear momentum compaction factor.

An accelerating structure with an input coupler for a radiation therapy facility has been developed. Models were adjusted and electrodynamic characteristics have been determined.

To improve photoemission simulation model of picosecond electron bunches in a strong electromagnetic field, a diffusion model has been developed to describe the filling of a pre-depleted semiconductor layer of a photocathode with electrons from a metal substrate. With and without taking into account the external electric field, the analytical dependences of the distribution of the electron concentration in the semiconductor layer, as well as the time dependences of the charge of the semiconductor layer, are obtained. It is shown that it is possible in principle to determine the relaxation time, i.e., the time it takes for the charge of the semiconductor layer to decrease to a given level, which is the next step in the development of the photoemission model.

A waveguide for a 2.46 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source has been developed. The main waveguide elements have been numerically simulated. A three stub tuner has been optimized that allows one to coordinate the load with a microwave power source and a waveguide DC break designed for a DC voltage of 80 kV.

The processing of materials by pulsed plasma flows is insufficiently studied, that does not allow estimating the main parameters of the modified layer. In view of this, the processing mode is selected experimentally for each individual material to obtain the optimal hardening layer thickness and microhardness. In this scientific work, structural steels 45, 20Kh and 40KhN2MA were irradiated at different durations and number of pulses, subsequently, the elemental and phase composition, microhardness and thickness of the hardening layer were studied.

The issues of degradation of neutron generator targets containing hydrogen isotopes in the occluded state during their pulsed-periodic heating by accelerated deuterons are considered. The possible nature of degradation of the target in time during the operation of the neutron generator is analyzed.

The small-angle X-ray scattering method allows studying the structure of solutions of proteins, polymers and metal nanoparticles in the range of 1–200 nm. The development of new and improvement of the available algorithms for the analysis of experimental data of small-angle X-ray scattering data is an important task. This study presents a number of algorithms that allow one to find the particle size distribution functions, restore the intensity profiles of individual components in protein mixtures, and estimate the size of the crystallinity region and spacing distances in partially ordered systems. A number of algorithms are implemented in computer programs using the cross-platform graphics library Qt, which significantly expands the number of the potential users. The efficiency of the algorithms has been demonstrated on a number of theoretical and experimental small-angle X-ray scattering data.