The design features of high-current gas discharge lamps involving quartz glass and monocrystalline sapphire as promising discharge shell materials have been discussed. The technology of obtaining sealed joints using magnetron deposition of thin titanium layers with subsequent soldering has been considered. A thermodynamic analysis of the possibility of chemical reactions at the titanium–shell material interface has been carried out. The mechanism of obtaining homogeneous metallization layers has been studied using a mathematical model. The specificity of induction soldering of quartz glass with Kovar (alloy 29NK) using tin-based solders and obtaining a sapphire–Kovar joint in vacuum furnaces have been described.

The results for mechanical testing and fractography of the ring samples, made of the experimental Zr–Nb–Sn–Fe alloy, are presented. The most reliable macro- and micro- parameters to quantify the fracture surfaces are defined. The correlations of some metrics for hydrides orientation with fracture parameters are investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of individual metrics are revealed. Threshold value for the near-surface radial hydride fracture at room temperature is obtained.

A molecular system of hard spheres adjacent to a perfectly smooth solid surface is considered. The interaction of particles with the surface is determined by the potential of hard spheres. The single-particle distribution function, which sets the local density, is found by solving the Fredholm integral equation of the second kind. The core and the right-hand side of the Fredholm equation are calculated analytically in the Percus–Yevick approximation. An analytical solution of the modified singlet equation is obtained, taking into account nonlocal interactions.

The current–voltage characteristics of a superconducting disk with the current supply in the Corbino scheme at an external static magnetic field of 1000 Oe have been calculated within the two-dimensional model of a layered high-temperature superconductor. The field strength on several coaxial rings of the sample has been obtained and the critical current for three diameters, temperatures, and densities of defects have been evaluated. The effect of the concentration of point defects and the temperature on the velocity of Abrikosov vortices has been studied.

Results of studying processes accompanying the fast variation of the output energy of a medical proton linac during one microwave pulse have been summarized. Features of both the formation of a required microwave power pulse and the propagation of the microwave pulse in an inertialess dispersed traveling wave structure have been analyzed. Particular attention is paid to beam dynamics in a nonstationary electromagnetic microwave pulse. The application of the variation method under consideration will greatly increase speed of scanning along the depth in an irradiated object.

A method has been proposed to process and analyze the proximity by type-defining characteristics of large aggregations M > 10⁴ of various types Q > 10² of empirical discrete random frequency vectors ν(⋅) = ν0, …, νl, obtained from samples of a small volume 10 ≥ n = ∑i=1lνi(k=i) of random counts k = 0, 1, …, l with averages over all samples kˉ < 5. The method is based on a bijection between the random frequency vectors and its type-defining identifier I(ν, a) > 0, which is a linear statistics in the form of the scalar product of ν and the non-random frequency vector a. Discrete multimodal empirical distributions C(I(ν, a)) representing sequences of arranged and grouped peaks enable us to analyze and forecast the characteristics of peaks and random frequency vectors forming them with low frequencies of their occurrences at the given M value.

The potential of utilizing a multiple cell array detector (MCAD) [Beckstead J.A. et al. // Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1997. V. 68 (1). P. 328] has been demonstrated, as an additional tool for correlation studies of density and poloidal field fluctuations in a plasma as a part of the heavy ion beam probe on the T-15MD tokamak. The optimum position and size of the detector have been found, and its cell size has been determined. Trajectories of probing particles have been calculated and the plasma region for measurements has been estimated for the toroidal magnetic fields Bt = 1.2, 1.5, 1.7, and 2.0 T. It has been shown that simultaneous measurements with the multiple cell array detector and the energy analyzer as the main measurement tool are possible, which allows the study of radial and poloidal spatial correlations of medium scale comparable to the small plasma radius. The spatial resolution of measurements and attenuation of the beam current signal during its passage through the plasma have been estimated.

The project of a small-sized pulsed neutron generator with a laser deuteron source with magnetic isolation has been proposed with a modification of a pulsed high-voltage Tesla transformer used as the accelerating voltage source. In this case, the electronic conductivity is suppressed by the magnetic field excited in the primary circuit of the transformer. The electrodynamic parameters of the generator diode system have been estimated. The possibility of neutron generation using the Li(p, n)Be nuclear reaction has been shown, which opens up prospects for the effective use of the neutron generator in radiation therapy.

A numerical model for calculating magnetic and mechanical stresses of the superconducting toroidal magnetic field superconducting system of a spherical tokamak is developed. Three configurations are considered: the Princeton-D solenoid and two different helical continuous solenoid configurations. The magnetic field distributions of the solenoids and the mechanical stress distributions to which they are subjected are calculated. It is demonstrated that the Princeton-D solenoid is the least favorable: the modulus of induction of the magnetic field on its windings is an order of magnitude greater than that of the continuous solenoids, resulting in a significantly lower—by 34%—maximum possible current throughput. The mechanical stresses in the first case are also noticeably higher. It is also shown that the two variants of the helical configuration differ insignificantly from each other.

The present investigation studies the process of change of the beam polarization axis. It is carried out in view of developing a measurement technique to discover the electric dipole moment of the deuteron using an existing particle accelerator, in particular the NICA collider facility (JINR, Dubna), when the latter operates in a storage ring regime. The investigation is part of the effort to devise a procedure to calibrate the so-called effective Lorentz-factor of the beam and is connected with other tasks concerning the re-orientation of the beam’s polatization axis. The process is studies with respect to two questions: (1) to determine the speed of the re-orientation required to fulfill the experimental conditions, (2) the effects it might have on the beam’s spin-coherence. The investigation results provide preliminary answers to these questions.

In this paper, the transition energy crossing on the proton synchrotron U-70 is studied. The stability of motion is provided by the method of transition energy jump at constant betatron tunes. The longitudinal motion is modeled taking into account the high orders of the momentum compaction factor, various impedances and beam intensities. The experimental data of the session are presented.

A debuncher for a linear accelerator of protons and light ions with a charge-to-mass ratio Z/A from 1 to 3.5 and a beam energy of 7.5 MeV/nucleon is under development at the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI for scientific research and applications. The electrodynamic, thermal, and mechanical processes, and the multipactor discharge have been simulated. Problems of design development of the model taking into account technological equipment that can be used for fabrication have been designed.

Within the framework of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Synchrotron and Neutron Research and Research Infrastructure, a fourth-generation synchrotron light source is under development at the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute. The source involves a 6 GeV storage ring and a free electron laser based on a normal conducting linear accelerator, which will also be used as an injector for the storage ring. An injection system is one of the main parts of the storage ring, which ensures the injection of electron bunches into the synchrotron. The injection system should have a high injection efficiency, hold a high beam quality, minimize the space required to accommodate its components, and ensure repeatability of the parameters of its magnetic elements. The injection of 6-GeV electrons imposes stringent requirements on pulsed kicker magnets because of the short pulse duration (~3 μs) of the high voltage supply. The multiturn horizontal injection has been simulated using an injection system consisting of a septum and four kicker magnets.

The structure of the compact X-ray source based on inverse Compton scattering designed at the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI as part of the project to create a gamma radiation source based on the electron storage ring NCPhM is presented. The magnetic structure of the storage ring has been optimized using a genetic algorithm. Electron beam dynamics in a linac injector and the storage ring is discussed. The influence of collective effects in the storage ring on the possibility of obtaining the required parameters of the electron beam at the point of interaction with the laser pulse has been studied

The generation and dynamics of reverse electron flows in a high-power vacuum neutron tube leading to the intense heating of the elements of the discharge node up to their melting are analyzed. The contribution of each component of an reverse electron flow to the heating of the discharge node is considered.

the melting front thickness of ice has been estimated from the measured kinetics of the melting of ice balls in air at room temperature (≈22°C) and in cooled water (≲1°C) taking into account the temperature of the ice ball surface and the bulk temperature inside the balls. In both cases, the input heat is absorbed by ice in the form of the latent melting heat within the layer called the melting front. To describe the kinetics of the ice ball melting, we have developed a model with allowance for the heat transfer through the entire surface of the ice ball, which decreases during melting. The measured temperatures of the ice surface and the temperature inside the balls are approximately 0.4 and 0°C, respectively. The ice melting kinetics in cold water has been determined by means of the continuous measurement of the weight of the submerged ice ball (containing a lead ball frozen inside) as a function of time. In both cases (melting in air and water), the thickness of the ice melting front estimated from the fit the proposed model of experimental data is approximately 3 mm.

The influence of an ultrafine-grained tungsten structure with an average grain size of 300 nm on the formation of blisters on the surface under high-dose irradiation by 30-keV He⁺ ions has been studied. Fine-grained tungsten has been used for comparative studies. The microstructure and surface morphology of the samples have been investigated.

Using the Monte Carlo method within the framework of the two-dimensional model of a layered high-temperature superconductor, the electric field strength was calculated for samples under rectangular current pulses of amplitude exceeding the critical current. The model accounts for heating of the sample caused by the flow of current. Calculations were done for different magnetic field strengths and pulse current amplitudes. The influence of external magnetic field on the shape of the response of a superconductor to a rectangular current pulse was determined.

The process of laser hardening of 42KhN2MA steel samples using continuous radiation and transverse beam vibrations at a frequency of 223 Hz has been considered. The influence of processing modes on the response parameters of the system, the depth and width of the laser quenching regions has been determined. It has been shown that the use of transverse beam vibrations increases the microhardness, the area of the hardened layer, its uniformity and preserves the geometric shape of the slot profile compared to processing with a defocused beam. The wear resistance of the laser-hardened regions is significantly higher than the base material.

A 1350-00 nickel alloy powder coating has been deposited on thin-walled 12Kh18N10T stainless steel tubes by high-speed laser cladding. Cladding has been performed using cw radiation from a 10-kW ytterbium fiber laser on a robotic complex. The shapes of the gas–powder jet for Fraunhofer nozzles have been determined. The influence of the laser radiation power and the amount of supplied powder on the structure of the coatings obtained has been evaluated. Metallographic studies of the obtained samples have been carried out. It has been shown that laser cladding under optimal conditions provide an almost non-porous coating with minimal penetration of the base material, ensuring metallurgical fusion. According to the X-ray spectral microanalysis, the chemical composition of the deposited coating practically does not differ from the chemical composition of the used powder. The thickness of the deposited layer is adjusted within 100–300 μm in one pass, depending on the deposition modes. The fusion line is identical in structure, which shows a high uniformity of heat input during cladding. The size of the thermal influence region in the substrate material varies within 50–200 μm, depending on the deposition modes.

The process of laser surfacing of 40Kh13 steel samples using continuous radiation and transverse high-frequency beam vibrations at a frequency of 224 Hz has been considered. The influence of laser surfacing on the change in friction coefficients, jamming pressure from sliding speed, and wear resistance has been determined. It has been shown that the use of a pre-deposited first layer significantly improves the quality of the surfacing of the main coating.