The work examines the influence of fission neutrons coming from the blanket of thermonuclear installation into plasma and which can enhance fusion reactions, including the reproduction of tritium through the ³ He(n,p)T reaction.

The paper presents a review of articles on the generation of powerful particle flows and high-energy radiation in a nonequilibrium plasma with a strong magnetic field. Particular attention is paid to the source of neutrons and the concept of magnetic-inertial thermonuclear fusion based on the compression of a magnetized target by laser beams or high-speed plasma jets.

Solid neon film condensed on a gold surface and crystallized in the face-centered cubic (FCC) lattice, has been studied using reflected electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) at the temperature of 5 K. The experimental REEL spectra are compared with theoretical calculations using density-functional theory (DFT), GW approximation, random-phase approximation (RPA) and the Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE). In the calculations many electron corrections such as the local-field dielectric screening, quasiparticles, and excitonic effects have been taken care of. The calculated electronic bandgap is 21.5 eV, but the excitonic peaks in REELS are found to set in at ~18 eV. Thus, a solid neon film, being a wide-gap dielectric, is a promising material for implanting Th and studying its low-lying nuclear transition at 8.2 eV.

Model thin-film coatings containing laminar WS₂ films and nanometer-thick carbon films are created by the reactive pulsed laser deposition technique. To activate the growth of the graphite-like state, the carbon films (g-C) were deposited on the surface of nickel or titanium films formed between WS₂ and g-C layers. It is found that the WS₂/Ni/g-C/WS₂ coating is apt to manifest a very low coefficient of friction (less than 0.013) in tests in dry air without lubrication. The coating with a titanium interface film does not possess such properties. The structural state of the coating before and after the tribotest was monitored by micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS). Possible causes of the different behavior of coatings with the chosen metal film.

The paper considers the process of laser surfacing of copper-based powder with molybdenum disulfide additives on 40Kh steel samples using continuous radiation and transverse beam vibrations with a frequency of 216 Hz. The influence of the mass fraction of molybdenum disulfide on the coefficient of friction, the resistance to bullying and the change in the intensity of wear is shown. The influence of transverse vibrations on the surfacing performance has been studied.

A detection system for impulse force that consists of a ballistic pendulum coupled with displacement, force, acceleration and acoustic emission sensors is considered. Analysis of frequency and impulse responses for its measurement channels is conducted, and testing results for model detection systems are presented. Structural and hardware constraints on the time resolution of the proposed hybrid gas-jet-force detection system are established. It is shown that it is possible to register dynamic components of the force with a time resolution of at least 100 μs and a force threshold of 0.1 N with serial piezoceramic sensors.

Nowadays, in the literature, are formulas for induced charge fluctuations caused by the capturing of electrons and holes by traps. However, these formulas are valid only for the case of uniform ionization in the volume of a plane-parallel semiconductor detector, and formulas that take into account the attenuation of the X-ray flux when it penetrates the detector contain errors. In this work, the formulas for fluctuations of the induced charge on the electrodes of a plane-parallel semiconductor detector due to capturing of electrons and holes by traps, as well as due to spatial fluctuations of X-quantum interaction points, taking into account the attenuation of the X-rays flux, were obtained. The obtained formulas demonstrate the role of the covariance of charge fluctuations induced by electrons and holes at the detector electrodes due to random processes occurring in the detector when detecting X-rays.

The constructed cylindrical and spherical models of a laser-plasma ion source of a portable neutron generator made it possible to analyze the dynamics of ion currents based on their representation in the form of the interaction of partial and limiting currents and to greatly simplify the numerical algorithm. For the selected parameters of the discharge gap and the laser, the values of ion currents at the cathode are obtained. The calculated values of ion currents are compared with experimental data.

Collective effects are studied in the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation source USSR (the SILA project) currently being designed. During the interaction of charged particles with the elements of the vacuum chamber of the storage ring, the beam induces wakefields that can lead to instabilities that limit either the charge in the bunch (single-bunch instabilities) or the total current of the accumulated beam (multibunch instabilities). The thresholds for the occurrence of single-bunch instabilities are evaluated.

The paper presents result of design of the accelerating structure for a compact linear electron accelerator for a radiation therapy facility. The optimized geometry and electrodynamic characteristics of the structure are obtained.

A target chamber has been developed and manufactured for carrying out simulation experiments with two simultaneous beams of heavy and light ions. The target chamber is equipped with elements for beam diagnostics and target-temperature control. The chamber allows the installation of plasma cleaning systems and nitrogen trap.

Radial distributions of electric potential and plasma density oscillations have been measured in the T-10 tokamak ohmic plasma. Radial distributions of amplitude and frequency of the geodesic acoustic mode are plotted according to the data on the fluctuations of the electric potential of the plasma, and radial distributions of amplitude and frequency of the quasi-coherent mode are plotted according to the data on the fluctuations of the plasma density. Quasi-coherent mode corresponds to a major part of the turbulent flow of particles, geodesic acoustic mode as a high-frequency branch of zonal flows is involved in the regulation of turbulence, which makes these objects very important for plasma physics. The paper presents the results obtained in different operating modes of the T-10 tokamak.

MoYSiB coatings with various yttrium contents were applied to a heat-resistant nickel alloy bymagnetron sputtering. Resistance of the coatings to cyclic shock dynamic impact has been tested under varying applied loads. The breakdown areas have been studied using optical profilometry. It has been established that addition of Y into coating composition leads to increase wear resistance of MoSiB coatings, which is related to modification of base coatings.

Obtaining a uniform hardening of the near-surface area to a given depth requires precise selection and control of laser radiation parameters, depending on the part geometry and its properties. Since laser irradiation is performed locally with step-by-step processing of the entire surface, the accumulated heat leads to an increase in the hardening depth and surface melting. In order to avoid depth unevenness, it is necessary to vary laser energy supply during processing to maintain a stationary heating of the material. Experimental selection of technological parameters usually takes an excessive amount of time and material resources. This article presents a technique of mathematical modeling of the high-carbon tool steels hardening process by calculating the temperature fields induced by laser radiation. The boundary of the hardening zone was determined as the isotherm of the corresponding austenitizing critical temperature in accordance with the heating rate. Experimental verification of the model was carried out on tool steels with carbon content of 0.7% and 1.2%. The influence of the main processing technological parameters (radiation power, laser spot diameter and scanning speed) on the hardening zone size is shown. The paper also presents the use of the built model for selection of the technological parameters of multi-track treatment to harden material to a constant depth without surface melting. The effect of back tempering in overlapped regions is also considered.

In the paper, we describe a method for searching for the optimal parameters of laser cooling of strontium ions without observing the luminescence signal. The presented method made it possible to obtain a cold cloud of ions, detect the luminescence signal, and achieve the mode of ionic crystals.

This paper presents the construction of a computer model of crater formation during nanosecond laser evaporation of matter by the example of monocrystalline silicon. The computer simulation is used to determine the dynamics of crater formation on the material surface when exposed to nanosecond laser pulses. The diameter of the obtained crater and its depth were evaluated. The corresponding experiments on laser ablation of monocrystalline silicon were also carried out. The analysis of experimental data and simulation results showed that depending on the pulse duration and energy density of laser radiation the mechanism of material removal changes. Thus, the presence of the liquid phase in the ablation process seriously affects the depth and diameter of the crater for the entire range of energy densities from 0.4 to 104.0 J/cm² . It is shown that a computer model can determine the volume of removed material due to evaporation and evaluate the effect of the liquid phase on crater characteristics.