The paper is devoted to a fundamentally new technology – “Ion sputtering–thermal separation”, which is being developed to solve the world problem of nuclear energy – the nuclear fuel cycle closing and spent nuclear fuel processing. The design of the diffusion separation tube, which is the main element for the implementation of this technology, is considered. On the basis of a numerical calculation, temperature distributions were obtained on the inner surface of the diffusion separation tube, as well as in the carrier gas flow under conditions of individual ohmic heating of certain sections of the tube with removable liners. The obtained temperature distributions make it possible to choose the optimal operating modes for the selective separation of spent nuclear fuel components.

In this work, the radiation stability of the nanostructure of ODS steels is studied by atom-probe tomography. Studied steels Eurofer ODS, 10Cr ODS, and KP-3 ODS differ in alloying system. The chromium content in these steels varies from 9 to 14 at. %, and also V, Ti, Al, W and Mn are present in varying amounts. Atom-probe tomography revealed nanoclusters enriched in Y, O and Cr as well as in V, Ti and Al in the initial state of these steels depending on the alloying system. Study of radiation-induced changes in the nanostructure of ODS steels under Fe ion irradiation to a dose of 100 dpa at 500°C showed that the average size of clusters under the irradiation remained stable. However, there was a significant increase in their number density (by ~2 times) in 10Cr ODS and KP-3 ODS steels, while the clusters number density in Eurofer ODS decreased greatly (by ~3.5 times). Clusters in irradiated steels were enriched in Y, O, Cr. They were also enriched in Ti when it was present in the initial composition. In the irradiated materials, the clusters were not enriched in V and Al. In 10Cr ODS and KP-3 ODS steels, there was a significant increase in Cr, O, and Y enrichment and decrease in Ti enrichment. However, a strong decrease in O enrichment was observed in Eurofer ODS steel. The detected changes in number density and cluster composition were presumably related to the mechanisms of cluster interaction with larger oxide particles.

The effect of irradiation with Cu⁺ ions with an energy of E = 6.3 eV on the crystal structure and critical characteristics of high-temperature copper-based superconductors in the regime of radiation defect formation has been studied. The degradation of the superconducting properties, the growth of the lattice parameters and the magnitude of the relative stresses due to disorder along the c axis with increasing fluence up to the complete disappearance of the superconducting properties at the fluence F = 1.5 × 10¹⁴ cm^–2 are shown.

During synchrotron source development much attention is devoted to beam instability, which limits beam emittance and lifetime. One of the sources of beam instability is the electromagnetic field excitation in the vacuum chamber heterogeneous regions. The quantitative characteristic of the beam-chamber interaction is the coupling impedance. This paper describes modernization of the program BeamImpedance2D, which accelerates resistive impedance calculations by unitizing complex equation forms and distributed calculations among the computation cluster nodes. Comparison between calculations of the real vacuum chamber and its approximation are presented.

Detection feasibility of the charmonium states χ_cJ at the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider are studied. It is demonstrated that the current resolutions of the tracking system and the electromagnetic calorimeter is sufficient for signal discrimination of χ_c1 and χ_c2. Kinematic selection cuts are optimized for selection of these charmonia states.

One of the reasons of degeneration of a technical control system with a human operator for high-temperature processes can be tiredness, as a consequence of intellectual overload, which is caused by the process of continuous decision-making of a high level of significance. This is due to the fact that at the moment of tiredness, a human operator relies on its internal installations, which may not always be an objective resolution of the situation, including critical. The article solves the problem of the degeneration diagnostics of the system in online mode, which makes it possible to promptly adjust the operability of the technical system taking into account the tiredness of the human operator.

The subject of the research of this article is the evaluation of the solution of automation of the engineering problem of performing verification of control and measuring instruments, by introducing digital computer vision technology into the technological process. Optimization of the production process, digital computer vision technology allows you to eliminate the detrimental effect of a separate number of errors and, by reducing the time spent on the verification, reducing the impact of high temperature processes on the measuring equipment. The construction of the operational characteristic of verification is carried out taking into account subjective errors, such as the interpolation and parallax error, which appear in the case of a human performing the testing task. The constructed dependence is compared with the graph results, based on the verification performance when introducing computer vision technology into the technological process.

The article provides data on radioisotope devices, including a radioisotope level meter – a radioisotope indicator of the level of petroleum coke and a radioisotope density meter. The article describes the methods of calibration of radioisotope density meter Gammapilot (Endress+Hauser AG, Switzerland). An ionizing radiation source of ¹³⁷Cs GCS7.021.1 type with an activity of 3.06 × 10⁹ Bq (82.7 mCi) was used to complete the radioisotope densitometer, and its tightness was checked using the immersion method with 8% ortophosphoric acid as the immersion liquid. To calibrate radioisotope densitometers, simulator stands and liquid simulators of various densities were made based on a mixture of tribromomethane and ethyl alcohol solutions. Radioisotope density meters were calibrated for low pulp emulsion density, medium pulp emulsion density, and high pulp emulsion density. In calibrated radioisotope density meters, upon reaching the lower limit of the pulp density in the detection unit, an output electrical signal appears at the “0–5 mA” connector, and when the upper limit of the pulp density is reached, an output electrical signal appears at the “4–20 mA” connector.

The transition energy crossing requires special attention to preserve the stability of the beam during its acceleration to the energy of the experiment. Possible methods of the transition energy crossing in a synchrotron are considered as a case the NICA accelerator complex located in Dubna, Russia.

This paper considers H-type cavity power coupling loop design issues and provides the results of the modeling. The dependence of the coupling coefficient on the loop geometry is established.

To study the spatial distribution of the soft X-ray radiation intensity of a laser-produced plasma, a new type of coded aperture was used. This aperture is a structure with a mutually perpendicular arrangement of opaque strips, the distances between which and their widths were calculated with the use of a random number generator. The radiation transmitted through such aperture gives an intricate pattern of the encoded image, which was recorded on a Fuji TR imaging plate without a protective coating. To reconstruct the spatial distribution of the plasma radiation intensity from this pattern, a mathematical algorithm was developed, that is an iterative method for solving an ill-posed problem – the Fredholm integral equation of the 1-st kind. It has been shown that the use of the coded aperture not only enhances the efficiency of the registration system many times, but also allows one to get a spatial resolution no worse than in the case of the use of a pinhole camera. It is established that the developed iterative method can be used both for sources which differ little from point sources and for spatially extended objects.

The degradation of the surface of the Al/MgF₂ mirror coating under influence of UV radiation is investigated. The source of VUV radiation is erosion-type magneto-plasma compressor. Discharge is carried out in different gases (neon, argon, air) to control radiation spectrum. Roughness, 2D and 3D profiles, depth of cracks on the surface of the samples were studied using micronanoprofilometer. If the energy of quanta reaching the sample is less than 6 eV, slight increase of roughness and no cracks are observed on the surface of the sample. Energy of quanta is 6–15 eV – MgF₂ layer partly-completely evaporates, roughness increases gradually, depth of the cracks reaches 55 nm. Energy of quanta is less than 21 eV – coating completely evaporates, degradation of the substrate with the cracks (depth – less than 200 nm) is observed.

Application of a thin organic scintillator for study of 3α fragmentation of ¹²C nuclei in interactions with relativistic muons and hadrons. The analysis of amplitude spectra from a thin polystyrene-based scintillation counter on hadron and muon-enriched beams of channel 18 of the U-70 accelerator complex in Protvino is presented. Based on statistics of 150 million events on the Hyperon-M setup, the contribution of 3α-fragmentation processes are highlighted, and cross sections of these processes on hadron and pion beams at momentum of 7 GeV/c are measured. In the future, the obtained result may be of interest for estimation the age of gas fields in geology by the concentration of helium ⁴He in natural gas which formation is possible in the reaction of carbon fragmentation induced by high energy muons.