Low adiabat dynamics is necessary for efficient compression and achievement of ignition conditions in a laser fusion targets. In this case, any additional sources of target interior heating are undesirable. Parametric laser-plasma instabilities can lead to the generation of a noticeable amount of hot electrons with energies of tens to hundreds of keV, that could penetrate into the target before the front shock arrives. The paper presents a hydrodynamics consistent model for generation and propagation of such electrons. It is shown that up to ~2% of the laser pulse energy can go into hot electrons with a temperature of about 100 keV, which appear as a result of the development of the two-plasmon decay instability. In this case, despite the relatively small part of absorbed by the target electrons (the value depends on the angular distribution of hot electrons and varies in the range of 3–15%), a noticeable decrease in the neutron yield occur. In a situation where the conditions in the target are close to the ignition threshold, the effects associated with the generation of hot electrons can violate the ignition conditions.

The hydrogen terminal solubilities for dissolution (TSSD) and precipitation (TSSP) in non-irradiated sponge-based E110opt alloy and electrolytic zirconium E635 alloy are presented. TSS measurements for these alloys were made for the first time. Samples were examined using the methods of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and hot vacuum extraction spectrometry. Terminal solid solubilities (TSSD and TSSP) in E110opt and E635 alloys are shown to be coincident with each other within the experimental uncertainty interval. This means that there is no distinguishable difference between TSS in sponge-based and electrolytic zirconium alloys. Resulting TSSD values for E110opt and E635 alloys were compared with those for zirconium alloys Zircaloy-2, Zircaloy-4, Zr−1%Nb, M5, Zirlo and shown to be identical within the errors. Approximation dependencies of TSSD and TSSP solvi in E110opt and E635 alloys were derived. These dependencies will be used in nuclear fuel performance codes to calculate behavior of the zirconium reactor core components in different regimes of operation.

The photoluminescent properties of nanocrystalline layers of organometallic perovskites deposited on various semiconductor and dielectric substrates were studied. It was established that, depending on the substrate, for CH₃NH₃PbBr₃ nanocrystals with sizes of tens and hundreds of nanometers, it is possible to observe both one and two maxima in the exciton photoluminescence spectrum at room temperature. The photoluminescence of nanocrystals deposited on an array of silicon nanowires has a longer wavelength of the spectrum maximum compared to nanocrystals on a flat surface of a single-crystal silicon substrate. The results obtained were explained by the influence of electric fields of bound charges at the interfaces and by the processes of absorption of photoluminescence.

The occurence of anomalous particles (granules) with significantly different content of interstitial microalloying elements carbon and boron is an important features of the homogeneity of the composition of rapidly quenched powders of stainless steels and Ni-based superalloys produced by the PREP method. A multi-scale experimental investigation of the evolution of the structure of the PM HIP stainless steels under heat treatment and hot deformation was performed. Direct nuclear methods of activation autoradiography on carbon, track autoradiography on boron, metallography, SEM, EDX, and OIM were used to reveal the evolution of the microstructure of the PM HIP stainless steels. A significant effect of heat treatment and hot deformation on the behavior of carbon and boron in PM HIP stainless steels has been revealed. A significant effect of the microstructure evolution and the behavior of carbon and boron on the mechanical properties of PM HIP stainless steels in comparison with their traditional counterparts has been discovered and discussed.

A technique for determining spatial heterogeneity of scintillator used for proton radiography developed. It based on registration of a proton beam images formed during passage of a beam through scintillator and approximation of beam cross-profile with two-dimensional Gaussian-like function. Results of spatial calibration for the lutetium silicate scintillator and the digital camera used on the proton microscope with the use of magnetic optics PUMA are presented. It is shown that taking into account spatial heterogeneity of the scintillator and the camera allows describing a beam profile in each pixel of a beam image with an accuracy of 0.7%. Results on fluctuation of a beam position, dimensions and shape at the scintillator plane presented. The proposed technique eliminates defects of a proton radiography images caused by the optical system and electro-optical shutter if registered signal depends linearly on beam intensity. It also eliminates or strongly suppresses defects resulted from efficiency variation of a charge-coupled camera.

Monte Carlo generators for relativistic heavy–ion collisions have non–standardize output formats. Thus, data that are simulated by different generators require different processing techniques. To resolve this issue, a unified storage format with an interface to read and process data is implemented. Unification should be interpreted as the ability to convert any generator output into discussed format. The presented cross–platform solution, McDst software library, is developed on the object–oriented paradigm using C++ language and CERN ROOT libraries. It is distributed in a form of source code and can be extended by end–user. The structure of the format and use cases for the library are presented.

The well-known narrowing of the Mössbaur γ-line with increasing age of the excited energy state ℏω₀ of the emitter nucleus (the half-life is T_1/2) and broadening of the γ-line with decreasing irradiation time of the absorber nucleus are analyzed. Taking into account the short time of emission of quantum transition energy - much less than T_1/2, which can be seen, for example, from the duration of the γ-signal on the scintillator, the analysis leads to the idea of the structure of the γ-quantum (photon) as an electromagnetic wave of frequency ω₀ that does not carry energy (0-wave), which is emitted by the nucleus from the moment of formation of the excited state to the quantum transition, with the energy quantum ℏω₀ in the form of a short-term feature on the “tail” of this 0-wave. A possible source of 0-waves can be virtual transitions of the nucleus from the excited state to the ground state and back before the emission of an energy quantum. Detection of 0-waves is possible due to changing the width of the g-line with additional irradiation of the absorber nuclei by resonant 0-waves. The possibility of predicting the future decay of an excited state by 0-waves detecting and the prospects of using 0-waves for information transmission are noted. The principle of a 0-wave generator without energy radiation is proposed.

The NICA accelerator complex will consist of two injector chains, a new 578 MeV/u superconducting booster synchrotron (Booster), the existing superconducting synchrotron Nuclotron, and the new superconducting collider that has two storage rings each of about 503 m in circumference. At present, the technological commissioning run of the Booster is being completed. The next step is planned commissioning run with the beam. One of the first procedures after beam injection is the closed orbit correction and providing stable circulation. The closed orbit distortion is should not be out of the tolerance range during the accelerating cycle.The article describes the closed orbit correction algorithms in superconducting synchrotrons, which can be implemented in the Booster and the expected results for Run with a beam.

A system of four magnets is described, which is part of the experimental installation of the SPASCHARM at the U-70 accelerator facility for the study of spin effects in hadron interactions. A unique magnet with the field of 2.4 T and the field uniformity at the level of 10^–4 in the working volume of 60 cm³ serves to pump and retain polarization in a polarized proton frozen target. A special wide-aperture magnet is the central part of the spectrometer of the installation based on drift tubes. For precision guidance of the beam to the center of the target, two small-sized correcting magnets developed by the Efremov Research Institute of Electrophysical Equipment (NIIEFA) were manufactured and introduced into the installation.

Microwave preionization is a common technique used for electron-cyclotron resonance assisted plasma start-up in spherical tokamaks. The aim of the study is to test features of the developed MEPhIST tokamak preionization system. The study explores the preliminary preionization plasma. The gas discharge parameters were measured using Rogowski coils, optical spectroscopy, and Langmuir probes. Additionally, CCD – camera captured the emission evolution during discharge. The results obtained demonstrate that the plasma discharge was localized in the discharge vessel. The calculated plasma density and electron temperature were 5.5 × 10¹⁶ m^–3 and 8 eV, respectively. The study enables a better understanding of the preionization process in the MEPhIST-0.

The paper considers the problem of early diagnosis of skin melanoma by dermatoscopic images of skin neoplasms. A model for assessing the diagnostically significant morphological characteristics of neoplasm elements – structureless areas is proposed. An experimental study was conducted to determine the adequacy of the model. The most informative signs for the assessment of morphological characteristics have been identified. The best classification accuracy (94%) was achieved for feature A1. The results of the study can be applied in the development of medical decision support systems for the diagnosis of skin melanoma.

The paper presents the results of the development of a visual method for recognizing skin neoplasms based on a model for assessing the asymmetry of the form of a pigmented neoplasm. Images of pigmented skin neoplasms obtained using a dermatoscope were considered as initial data. To analyze the images, a model was used to calculate the coefficients of shape asymmetry calculated relative to the main axes of inertia of the neoplasm, which makes it possible to obtain values independent of the angle of rotation of the images.