Energy Spectrum and Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays from the Data of the Astrophysical Complex Taiga

V. Prosin; I. Astapov; P. Bezyazeekov; A. Borodin; M. Brückner; N. Budnev; A. Bulan; A. Vaidyanathan; R. Wischnewski; P. Volchugov; D. Voronin; A. Gafarov; A. Garmash; V. Grebenyuk; O. Gress; T. Gress; A. Grinyuk; O. Grishin; A. Dyachok; D. Zhurov; A. Zagorodnikov; A. Ivanova; N. Kalmykov; V. Kindin; S. Kiryuhin; V. Kozhin; R. Kokoulin; K. Kompaniets; E. Korosteleva; E. Kravchenko; A. Kryukov; L. Kuzmichev; A. Chiavassa; M. Lavrova; A. Lagutin; Yu. Lemeshev; B. Lubsandorzhiev; N. Lubsandorzhiev; R. Mirgazov; R. Mirzoyan; R. Monkhoev; E. Osipova; A. Pan; L. Pankov; A. Pakhorukov; A. Petrukhin; V. Poleschuk; M. Popesku; E. Popova; A. Porelli; E. Postnikov; V. Ptuskin; A. Pushnin; R. Raikin; G. Rubtsov; E. Rjabov; Y. Sagan; V. Samoliga; L. Sveshnikova; A. Sidorenkov; A. Silaev; A. Silaev (junior); A. Skurikhin; M. Slunecka; A. Sokolov; Y. Suvorkin; V. Tabolenko; A. Tanaev; B. Tarashansky; M. Ternovoy; L. Tkachev; M. Tluczykont; N. Ushakov; D. Horns; I. Yashin

doi:10.56304/S2079562920060457

Energy Spectrum and Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays from the Data of the Astrophysical Complex Taiga

V. Prosin, I. Astapov, P. Bezyazeekov, A. Borodin, M. Brückner, N. Budnev, A. Bulan, A. Vaidyanathan, R. Wischnewski, P. Volchugov, D. Voronin, A. Gafarov, А. A. Garmash, V. Grebenyuk, O. Gress, T. Gress, A. Grinyuk, O. Grishin, A. Dyachok, D. Zhurov, A. Zagorodnikov, A. Ivanova, N. Kalmykov, V. Kindin, S. Kiryuhin, V. Kozhin, R. Kokoulin, K. Kompaniets, E. Korosteleva, E. Kravchenko, A. Kryukov, L. Kuzmichev, A. Chiavassa, M. Lavrova, A. Lagutin, Yu. Lemeshev, B. Lubsandorzhiev, N. Lubsandorzhiev, R. Mirgazov, R. Mirzoyan, R. Monkhoev, E. Osipova, A. Pan, L. Pankov, A. Pakhorukov, A. Petrukhin, V. Poleschuk, M. Popesku, E. Popova, A. Porelli, E. Postnikov, V. Ptuskin, A. Pushnin, R. Raikin, G. Rubtsov, E. Rjabov, Y. Sagan, V. Samoliga, L. Sveshnikova, A. Sidorenkov, A. Silaev, A. Silaev (junior), A. Skurikhin, M. Slunecka, A. Sokolov, Y. Suvorkin, V. Tabolenko, A. Tanaev, B. Tarashansky, M. Ternovoy, L. Tkachev, M. Tluczykont, N. Ushakov, D. Horns, I. Yashin

https://doi.org/10.56304/S2079562920060457

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Abstract

The differential energy spectrum of cosmic rays in the energy range of 3 · 10¹⁴–3 · 10¹⁸ eV and the corrected dependence of the mean depth of the maximum ⟨X_max⟩ of an extensive air shower (EAS) inside the wide energy range of 10¹⁵–3 · 10¹⁷ eV have been obtained by the data of the Tunka-133 array for 7 years of operation (2009–2017) and the TAIGA-HiSCORE array for the 2019−2020 season of operation. At the extremely high energy our results agree with the results of the Pierre Auger observatory based on direct measurements of the maximum depth by the observation of fluorescent light from EAS. The recalculation from the ⟨X_max⟩ to the parameter ⟨ln A⟩, which characterizes the average composition of the primary cosmic rays is presented.

Keywords

primary cosmic rays, energy spectrum, mass composition, extensive air showers, Cherenkov light

About the Authors

V. Prosin

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

V. Prosin,

Moscow, 119991.

I. Astapov

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Russian Federation

I. Astapov,

Moscow, 115409.

P. Bezyazeekov

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

P. Bezyazeekov,

Irkutsk, 664003.

A. Borodin

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Russian Federation

A. Borodin,

Dubna, Moscow oblast, 141980.

M. Brückner

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
Germany

M. Brückner,

Zeuthen, D-15738.

N. Budnev

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

N. Budnev,

Irkutsk, 664003.

A. Bulan

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

A. Bulan,

Moscow, 119991.

A. Vaidyanathan

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
Germany

A. Vaidyanathan,

Zeuthen, D-15738.

R. Wischnewski

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
Germany

R. Wischnewski,

Zeuthen, D-15738.

P. Volchugov

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

P. Volchugov,

Moscow, 119991.

D. Voronin

Novosibirsk State University (NSU)
Russian Federation

D. Voronin,

Novosibirsk, 630090.

A. Gafarov

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

A. Gafarov,

Irkutsk, 664003.

А. A. Garmash

Novosibirsk State University (NSU); Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation

A. Garmash,

Novosibirsk, 630090.

V. Grebenyuk

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; Dubna State University
Russian Federation

V. Grebenyuk,

Dubna, Moscow oblast, 141982.

O. Gress

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

O. Gress,

Irkutsk, 664003.

T. Gress

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

T. Gress,

Irkutsk, 664003.

A. Grinyuk

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Russian Federation

A. Grinyuk,

Dubna, Moscow oblast, 141980.

O. Grishin

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

O. Grishin,

Irkutsk, 664003.

A. Dyachok

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk
Russian Federation

A. Dyachok,

Irkutsk, 664003.

D. Zhurov

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

D. Zhurov,

Irkutsk, 664003

A. Zagorodnikov

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

A. Zagorodnikov,

Irkutsk, 664003.

A. Ivanova

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

A. Ivanova,

Irkutsk, 664003.

N. Kalmykov

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

N. Kalmykov,

Moscow, 119991.

V. Kindin

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Russian Federation

V. Kindin,

Moscow, 115409.

S. Kiryuhin

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

S. Kiryuhin,

Irkutsk, 664003.

V. Kozhin

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

V. Kozhin,

Moscow, 119991.

R. Kokoulin

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Russian Federation

R. Kokoulin,

Moscow, 115409.

K. Kompaniets

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Russian Federation

K. Kompaniets,

Moscow, 115409.

E. Korosteleva

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

E. Korosteleva,

Moscow, 119991.

E. Kravchenko

Novosibirsk State University (NSU); Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation

E. Kravchenko,

Novosibirsk, 630090.

A. Kryukov

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

A. Kryukov,

Moscow, 119991.

L. Kuzmichev

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

L. Kuzmichev,

Moscow, 119991.

A. Chiavassa

Dipartimento di Fisica Generale Universita di Torino e Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Italy

A. Chiavassa,

Torino, 10125.

M. Lavrova

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

M. Lavrova,

Irkutsk, 664003.

A. Lagutin

Altai State Univeristy
Russian Federation

A. Lagutin,

Barnaul, 656049.

Yu. Lemeshev

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

Yu. Lemeshev,

Irkutsk, 664003.

B. Lubsandorzhiev

Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation

B. Lubsandorzhiev,

Moscow, 117312.

N. Lubsandorzhiev

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

N. Lubsandorzhiev,

Moscow, 119991.

R. Mirgazov

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

R. Mirgazov,

Irkutsk, 664003.

R. Mirzoyan

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University; Max-Planck-Institut für Physik
Russian Federation

R. Mirzoyan,

Irkutsk, 664003;

München, D-80805 (Deutschland)

R. Monkhoev

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

R. Monkhoev,

Irkutsk, 664003.

E. Osipova

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

E. Osipova,

Moscow, 119991.

A. Pan

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

A. Pan,

Irkutsk, 664003.

L. Pankov

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University,
Russian Federation

L. Pankov,

Irkutsk, 664003.

A. Pakhorukov

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

A. Pakhorukov,

Irkutsk, 664003.

A. Petrukhin

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Russian Federation

A. Petrukhin,

Moscow, 115409.

V. Poleschuk

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

V. Poleschuk,

Irkutsk, 664003.

M. Popesku

Institute of Space Science
Romania

M. Popesku,

Magurele, Ilfov, 077125.

E. Popova

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

E. Popova,

Moscow, 119991.

A. Porelli

Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
Germany

A. Porelli,

Zeuthen, D-15738.

E. Postnikov

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

E. Postnikov,

Moscow, 119991.

V. Ptuskin

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN)
Russian Federation

V. Ptuskin,

Troitsk, Moscow oblast, 108840.

A. Pushnin

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

A. Pushnin,

Irkutsk, 664003.

R. Raikin

Altai State Univeristy
Russian Federation

R. Raikin,

Barnaul, 656049.

G. Rubtsov

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

G. Rubtsov,

Moscow, 119991.

E. Rjabov

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

E. Rjabov,

Irkutsk, 664003.

Y. Sagan

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; Dubna State University
Russian Federation

Y. Sagan,

Dubna, Moscow oblast, 141982.

V. Samoliga

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

V. Samoliga,

Irkutsk, 664003.

L. Sveshnikova

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

L. Sveshnikova,

Moscow, 119991.

A. Sidorenkov

Institute for Nuclear Research, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation

A. Sidorenkov,

Moscow, 117312.

A. Silaev

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

A. Silaev,

Moscow, 119991.

A. Silaev (junior)

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

A. Silaev (junior),

Moscow, 119991.

A. Skurikhin

Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow State University
Russian Federation

A. Skurikhin,

Moscow, 119991.

M. Slunecka

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Russian Federation

M. Slunecka,

Dubna, Moscow oblast, 141980.

A. Sokolov

Novosibirsk State University (NSU); Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation

A. Sokolov,

Novosibirsk, 630090.

Y. Suvorkin

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Russian Federation

Y. Suvorkin,

Moscow, 115409.

V. Tabolenko

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

V. Tabolenko,

Irkutsk, 664003.

A. Tanaev

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Russian Federation

A. Tanaev,

Moscow, 115409.

B. Tarashansky

Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University
Russian Federation

B. Tarashansky,

Irkutsk, 664003.

M. Ternovoy

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Russian Federation

M. Ternovoy,

Moscow, 115409.

L. Tkachev

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research; Dubna State University
Russian Federation

L. Tkachev,

Dubna, Moscow oblast, 141982.

M. Tluczykont

Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg
Germany

M. Tluczykont,

Hamburg, D-20148.

N. Ushakov

Novosibirsk State University (NSU)
Russian Federation

N. Ushakov,

Novosibirsk, 630090.

D. Horns

Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg
Germany

D. Horns,

Hamburg, D-20148.

I. Yashin

National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Russian Federation

I. Yashin,

Moscow, 115409.

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Review

For citations:

Prosin V., Astapov I., Bezyazeekov P., Borodin A., Brückner M., Budnev N., Bulan A., Vaidyanathan A., Wischnewski R., Volchugov P., Voronin D., Gafarov A., A. Garmash , Grebenyuk V., Gress O., Gress T., Grinyuk A., Grishin O., Dyachok A., Zhurov D., Zagorodnikov A., Ivanova A., Kalmykov N., Kindin V., Kiryuhin S., Kozhin V., Kokoulin R., Kompaniets K., Korosteleva E., Kravchenko E., Kryukov A., Kuzmichev L., Chiavassa A., Lavrova M., Lagutin A., Lemeshev Yu., Lubsandorzhiev B., Lubsandorzhiev N., Mirgazov R., Mirzoyan R., Monkhoev R., Osipova E., Pan A., Pankov L., Pakhorukov A., Petrukhin A., Poleschuk V., Popesku M., Popova E., Porelli A., Postnikov E., Ptuskin V., Pushnin A., Raikin R., Rubtsov G., Rjabov E., Sagan Y., Samoliga V., Sveshnikova L., Sidorenkov A., Silaev A., Silaev (junior) A., Skurikhin A., Slunecka M., Sokolov A., Suvorkin Y., Tabolenko V., Tanaev A., Tarashansky B., Ternovoy M., Tkachev L., Tluczykont M., Ushakov N., Horns D., Yashin I. Energy Spectrum and Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays from the Data of the Astrophysical Complex Taiga. Nuclear Physics and Engineering. 2021;12(5):298-304. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.56304/S2079562920060457

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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ISSN 2079-5637 (Online)

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Nuclear Physics and Engineering

Energy Spectrum and Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays from the Data of the Astrophysical Complex Taiga

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