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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">npe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ядерная физика и инжиниринг</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nuclear Physics and Engineering</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2079-5629</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2079-5637</issn><publisher><publisher-name>МИФИ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.56304/S2079562925020058</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">UARFLN</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">npe-445</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Взаимодействие плазмы, пучков частиц и излучения с веществом</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Interaction of Plasma, Particle Beams and Radiation with Matter</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЖЕСТКОСТНЫЕ СПЕКТРЫ ФОРБУШ-ЭФФЕКТОВ В 24 И 25 СОЛНЕЧНЫХ ЦИКЛАХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RIGIDITY SPECTRUM OF FORBUSH EFFECTS OBSERVED DURING SOLAR CYCLES 24 AND 25</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухова</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhova</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астапов</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astapov</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">IIAstapov@mephi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барбашина</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barbashina</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьменкова</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmenkova</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">PSKuzmenkova@mephi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагойда</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagoida</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мишутина</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mishutina</surname><given-names>Yu. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шутенко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shutenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет “МИФИ”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет “МИФИ”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>222</fpage><lpage>226</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сухова П.А., Астапов И.И., Барбашина И.С., Кузьменкова П.С., Лагойда И.А., Мишутина Ю.Н., Шутенко В.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сухова П.А., Астапов И.И., Барбашина И.С., Кузьменкова П.С., Лагойда И.А., Мишутина Ю.Н., Шутенко В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sukhova P.A., Astapov I.I., Barbashina N.S., Kuzmenkova P.S., Lagoida I.A., Mishutina Y.N., Shutenko V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://npe.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/445">https://npe.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/445</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе представлены результаты анализа жесткостного спектра форбуш-понижений, наблюдаемых в 24–25 циклах солнечной активности. В качестве информации о вариациях космических лучей использовались данные мюонного годоскопа УРАГАН и московского нейтронного монитора, обработанные методом медианных жесткостей. Приводится зависимость показателя жесткостного спектра форбуш-понижений от фазы цикла солнечной активности и полярности общего магнитного поля Солнца.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The work presents an analysis of the rigidity spectrum of Forbush decreases observed over 24−25 solar cycles. The URAGAN muon hodoscope and Moscow neutron monitor data were used as information on cosmic ray variations. To determine the rigidity spectrum of Forbush decreases, the median rigidity method was utilized. The dependence of the spectrum index on the phase of solar activity and the polarity of the general magnetic field of the Sun is discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>космические лучи</kwd><kwd>мюонные детекторы</kwd><kwd>функции связи</kwd><kwd>показатель спектра</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cosmic rays</kwd><kwd>muon detectors</kwd><kwd>coupling function</kwd><kwd>spectrum index</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">При поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект “Исследование периодических и спорадических вариаций космических лучей на базе данных спутниковых и наземных экспериментов”, проект № 20-72-10170) разработана методика определения жесткостных характеристик форбуш-эффектов, а также выполнен анализ событий, наблюдаемых в 24-м цикле солнечной активности. Составление каталога форбуш-понижений, наблюдаемых в 25-м цикле солнечной активности, а также исследование их спектров выполнено при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (государственное задание, проект “Исследование форбуш-эффектов на фазе роста солнечной активности 25 солнечного цикла методом мюонографий”, № FSWU-2023–0086).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shlyk N.S., Belov A.V., Abunina M.A., Abunin A.A., Oleneva V.A., and Yanke V.G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, 5897 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac478</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shlyk N.S., Belov A.V., Abunina M.A., Abunin A.A., Oleneva V.A., and Yanke V.G. 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